Developmental Aspects Of Lung Disease Flashcards
Embryonic lung morphology
3-8 weeks, lungs offshoot from oesophagus, lung buds form with trachea and main bronchi
Pseudo-glandular lung morphology
5-17 weeks, all conducting airways and blood vessels form
Canalicular
16-26 weeks, blood gas barrier thins, surfactant appears
Saccular
24-38 weeks, pre-alveoli
Alveolar lung differentiation
36 weeks to 2-3 years, alveoli form
Postnatal lung growth
Alveolar septation continues. 100-150 million at birth, 200-600 million at 3-8 years. Then alveoli increase in size
When do malformations present
75% fetal ultrasound
10% newborn
15% childhood
Tracheo-bronchomalacia
Bronchi are floppy, barking cough, breathless, stridor/wheeze, use antibiotics not asthma treatment, natural resolution over time
Pulmonary adenomatoid malformation
Part of the lung doesn’t form properly
Diaphragm development
Formed and closed by 18 weeks, can get a hernia mostly on left side which can squish everything else
Eventration
Thin diaphragm pulls lung
Transient tachypnea of newborn
Fluid isn’t squeezed out of lungs in c section babies forming wet lung, resolves in 24-48 hours
Respiratory distress syndrome
Very early babies where surfactant hasn’t formed yet
Chronic neonatal lung disease
Lots of causes eg infection, genetics
Maybe future COPD
Fetal/neonatal cause of adult lung disease
Nicotine, infection, prematurity or low birth weight, maternal malnutrition, environmental pollution
Remodelling
Alteration of structure from an external influence, for example in asthma the airway narrows and is inflamed and in CNLD there is chronic inflammation and gas trapping
COPD
3rd leading cause of death in the world
