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developmental final > development + postural control > Flashcards

development + postural control Flashcards

1
Q

infancy age

A

birth - 1 year

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2
Q

neonatal age

A

birth to 2 weeks

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3
Q

infant age

A

3 weeks - 12 months

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4
Q

toddlerhood age

A

13 months - 2 years 11 months

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5
Q

preschool age

A

3 years - 5 years

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6
Q

elementary school age

A

5 years - 10 years 11 months

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7
Q

adolescence age

A

11 years - 18 years

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8
Q

young adulthood age

A

18 - 22/25

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9
Q

adulthood age

A

22/25-40

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10
Q

middle age

A

40 - 65

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11
Q

late adulthood

A

65+

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12
Q

what age is considered advanced maternal age

A

35+

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13
Q

erik erikson’s age for infancy

A

0-1

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14
Q

erik erikson’s age for early childhood

A

1-3

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15
Q

erik erikson’s age for play age

A

3-6

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16
Q

erik erikson’s age for school age

A

6-12

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17
Q

erik erikson’s age for adolescence

A

12-19

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18
Q

erik erikson’s age for early adulthood

A

20-25

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19
Q

erik erikson’s age for adulthood

A

26-64

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20
Q

erik erikson’s age for old age

A

65-death

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21
Q

infancy conflict according to erik erikson

A

basic trust vs mistrust

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22
Q

early childhood conflict according to erik erikson

A

autonomy vs shame

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23
Q

play age conflict according to erik erikson

A

initiative vs guilt

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24
Q

school age conflict according to erik erikson

A

industry vs inferiority

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25
Q

adolescence conflict according to erik erikson

A

identity vs confusion

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26
Q

early adulthood conflict according to erik erikson

A

intimacy vs isolation

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27
Q

adulthood conflict according to erik erikson

A

generativity vs stagnation

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28
Q

old age conflict according to erik erikson

A

integrity vs despair

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29
Q

the ability to control the center of mass in relationship to the
base of support

A

postural stability

30
Q

the ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between the body segments and between the body and the environment for a task

A

postural orientation

31
Q

involves controlling the body’s position in space for the dual purposes of stability and orientation

A

postural control

32
Q

where is your COM

A

just anterior to S2 in the upright position

33
Q

the center of the distribution of the total force applied to the
supporting surface

A

center of pressure

34
Q

____ moves continuously around the COM to keep the COM within the support base

A

center of pressure

35
Q

ideal body alignment

A

Vertical line of gravity falls in the midline between:
* Mastoid process
* Anterior to shoulder joints
* Hip joints (or just posterior)
* Anterior to knee joints
* Anterior to ankle joints

36
Q

what is quiet stance

A

small amount of spontaneous postural sway as the body moves within its base of support

37
Q

Limits of stability

A

ability to maintain the projected COM within the limits of the BOS

38
Q

steady-state control

A

the ability to control the COM relative to the BOS in fairly predictable and
nonchanging conditions

39
Q

reactive control

A

occurs in response to outside forces, such as perturbations, displacing the COG
or moving the BOS

40
Q

Proactive or anticipatory control

A

occurs in anticipation of internally generated, destabilizing
forces, such as the intent to move

41
Q

feedforward

A

expected postural disturbance

ex: catching a ball, stepping up the stairs

42
Q

negative feedback

A

unexpected postural disturbance

ex: tripping

43
Q

what are the 4 postural movement strategies

A

ankle strategy
hip strategy
stepping strategy
reach strategy

44
Q

what are the 2 primary curves of the spine and 2 secondary curves

A

primary: thoracic and sacral
secondary: cervical and lumbar

45
Q

primary standing/positive support reflex and what age does this appear

A

supported standing, first accepts
weight on legs for 20-30 sec, then collapses

age: newborn to 2 months

46
Q

Automatic walking reflex and what age does this appear

A

steps reciprocally when inclined forward

age: newborn to 2 months

47
Q

asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) reflex and what age does this appear

A

in supine, head rotation elicits chin
side arm/leg extension and skull side arm/leg flexion
“fencing”

age: newborn to 6 months

48
Q

tonic labyrinthine (TLR) reflex and what age does this appear

A

Neck extends: increased extensor tone and extension of all limbs

Neck flexes: increased flexor tone and flexion of all limbs

Age: newborn to 6 months

49
Q

anterior protective extension reflex and what age does this appear

A

arms extend forward to prevent from falling

Age: 6-9 months

50
Q

lateral protective extension reflex and what age does this appear

A

arms extend to the sides to prevent from falling

age: 6-9 months

51
Q

upper extremity parachute reflex and what age does this appear

A

In prone horizontal suspension, child is moved towards surface head first –
symmetrical arm extension and abduction

age: 6-7 months

52
Q

posterior protective extension reflex and what age does this appear

A

extends head and arms backward to recover balance

age: 9 months

53
Q

what developmental movements do prenatals do

A

somersaults, axial rotations, flexing, kicking, stretching, and punching

54
Q

reactive control example

A

getting bumped in a crowd

55
Q

what is the predominate posture in newborns

A

flexion

56
Q

when does midline orientation occur by

A

3 months

57
Q

when does independent sitting occur by

A

6 months

58
Q

when does sitting become the preferred position

A

8 months

59
Q

when are vertical postures most preferred in kids

A

10-12 months

60
Q

when does arm swing patterns begin after walking onset

A

5-6 months

61
Q

when can a kid kick a ball forward

A

15-18 months

62
Q

when can a kid jump in place

A

20-24 months

63
Q

when can a kid stand on one foot

A

36 months

64
Q

ectomorphs

A

slouched
small bone
thin– hard to gain weight
lean muscle mass
flat chest

65
Q

mesomorphs

A

military posture
strong
defined muscles
gain muscle easily
gain fat easily

66
Q

when does belly crawling to creeping occur

A

7-9 months

67
Q

what is the COM for children

A

T12

68
Q

when is the peak of control

A

15 years old

69
Q

what age does spinal extension shows the greatest decline

A

70-84

70
Q

musculoskeletal changes in older adults

A

decreased strength, endurance, and muscle mass
decreased motor units
decreased joint ROM

71
Q

what is the main balance technique for older adults

A

hip movements
(rather than ankle that younger does)

72
Q

infants typically begin to assume hand-knees position from prone at what age range

A

4-6 months

developmental final (9 decks)

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