adolescence + scoliosis Flashcards
adolescence age range
11-18 yrs
what age range is pre-adolescence for females and males
fem: 8-10
male: 9-11
when does menses happen in females and males
fem: menarche at 12-13
males: production of sperm
4 major changes in puberty
- development of primary sex characteristics
- development of secondary sex characteristics
- rapid physical growth (height/weight)
- changes in body proportions
pubertal maturation
establishment of cyclic ovarian function
list the 2 phases of most rapid growth in order
- prenatal period
- puberty
growth spurt age
males vs females
males: 14-15
females: 12-14
what age are females done growing
17 yrs old
(16-17)
what age are males done growing
18 yrs old
(18-20)
puberty height growth in males vs females
males: 4-12 inches
females: 2-8 inches
puberty weight increase in males vs females
both are 15-65 lbs
healthy BMI
18.8-24.9
what body part reaches adult size first
nose
what is the mark of skeletal maturity
when the epiphyseal plates close
properties of immature bone
more porous
thick periosteum
unstable physes (growth plate)
when is adult muscle mass reached
12-15
______ increases linearly with age from childhood
through adolescence
strength
what age does strength “level off” for girls
15
at what age range does strength increase occur rapidly for boys
13-20
adolescent average normal HR and RR
60-90 bpm
16-24 breaths/min
how to calculate cardiac output
HR x SV = CO
do adolescents have a higher or lower BP at rest than adults
lower
do adolescents have a higher or lower stroke volume than adults
lower
aerobic FITT for adolescence
F: 3-5x/week
I: 50-85% VO2 max or 40-50% in deconditioned individuals
T: 30-60 mins
T: play, games, sports, chores, PE, etc. (KEEP IT FUN)
social antagonism
need for privacy
resent supervision/directions
struggle for independence
with to be free from parent restrictions
3 main emotional issues adolescents experience
confusion
depression
discouragement
ages for young, middle, and late teens
young 13-14
middle: 15-16
late: 17-18
main characteristics of a “young” teen
(plus bonus points for the age range)
13-14 y/o
most self-centered, only their POV
peer opinions matter most
main characteristics of a “middle” teen
(plus bonus points for the age range)
15-16 y/o
compromising
thinks more independently
makes own decisions
more risky behaviors
PRESENT TENSE THINKING
main characteristic of a “late” teen and when does it end in a social aspect
(plus bonus points for the age range)
17-18 y/o
sense of seriousness
ends when they take on adult work roles, marry, or become parents
what age does dating begin
15-16
Middle Teens
what age range does an increase of hypothetical thinking, applying formal logic, and using abstract concepts occur at
11-14
symptoms and signs of suicide
sadness, tiredness, withdrawn, thinking hopelessly or negatively
what is the 3rd leading cause of death in youths and young adults
suicide
how many people from the ages 15-24 commit suicide each year
5,000
suicide risk is often masked by (4 things)
anxiety
eating disorders
substance abuse
hyperactivity
by the end of high school, ___% have had sexual intercourse
48%
what population of kids are most susceptible to sexual abuse
special needs children
condom use among adolescents is at ___%
57%
what is the best way for adolescents to improve neuromuscular control
playing multiple sports
what causes decreased coordination in adolescence
rapid growth and changes in body proportions
RED-S
“Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport”
incorporates many aspects of sport deficiency causes in males and females
used to be female athlete triad
3 things in female athlete triad
energy deficient
low bone mass
menstrual disturbance
pediatric ACL injuries often are accompanied with what other injury
growth plate fracture
when do growth plates typically close for girls and boys
girls: 13-15
boys: 15-17
ACL injuries increase the risk for ______ later in life
osteoarthritis
what are the 2 types of scoliosis
structural
nonstructural
what are the 2 types of structural scoliosis
born with it
idiopathic
what 2 planes of motion does scoliosis affect
coronal/frontal
transverse
when are scoliosis screenings typically recommended for boys and girls
boys: 13-14
girls: 10-12
MIDDLE SCHOOL AGE
what bony and body landmarks are checked for scoliosis
ears
shoulders
hips
ribs
what degree of scoliosis calls for a referral to a pediatrician
10 degrees or higher
what is the Cobb angle
degree of curvature of the spine
What is the naming convention of the curve
convex side + spinal level where cobb angle is at
What is a riser sign? What does this sign tell us?
skeletal maturity
this shows how receptive the body will be with PT
what degree curve is orthotic intervention typically referred for a patient with
scoliosis? (different for lumbar and thoracic)
lumbar: 25-40 degrees
thoracic: 25-45 degrees
what degree of scoliosis is surgical intervention typically considered?
45-50 degrees
