Development over the lifespan Flashcards
what are the 6 periods of development
prenatal infancy/toddlerhood early childhood middle childhood adolescence emerging adulthood
6 major problems in prenatal development
1) measles
2) radiation, chemicals
3) sexually transmitted diseases
4) smoking
5) drinking
6) cocaine
reflexes (and newborn reflexes)
“inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation”
newborn reflexes: sucking, grasping, rooting
attachment
strong affectional ties we feel for special people in our lives that lead us to feel pleasure and joy when we interact with them and can be comforted by their nearness during times of stress
4 stages of piaget’s theory of development
1) sensorimotor state (0-2yrs)
2) pre-operational stage (2-7yrs)
3) concrete operational stage (7-11yrs)
4) formal operational stage (11yrs-__)
what are the 3 perspectives on what drives development
piaget: socio-cognitive equilibrium
freud: psychosexual energies
Erikson: psyco-social conflicts
schemes
specific, organized ways of making sense of experience; changes with age
sensorimotor stage (piaget)
1st stage of piagets theory reflexive schemes circular reactions first mental representations object permanence
pre-operational (piaget)
2nd stage of piagets theory
mental representations (dramatic increase: represent actions and reflect on them, can refer to past and future)
drawings become realistic
egocentrism (only your own perspective)
concrete operational stage (piaget)
3rd stage of piagets theory
less egocentrism
conservation
concrete seriation (put things in order according to relative length
formal operations stage (piaget)
4th stage of piagets theory
theorize & hypothesize
solve problems
Vygotsky
believed that language and culture are important and learning is social
3 stages of moral development according to lawrence kohlberg
Preconventional
conventional
post-conventional
pre conventional stage (kohlberg)
1 perspective
behaviour is motivated by external pressure such as avoiding punishment and getting award
conventional stage (kohlberg)
consider other peoples views, intentions and motives and feel responsible to society, laws and institutions
conform to majority norms and maintain social order
post-conventional stage (kohlberg)
set your own principles that guide your life but things can be negotiated
come up with reasons to do things
Gender identity
person’s perception of the self as relatively masculine or feminine in characteristics
masculine
ambitious, competitive, self-sufficient
feminine
affectionate, cheerful , soft-spoken
androgynous
high in masculinity and femininity
de Beauvoir opinion on sexuality
one is not born a woman but becomes one
queer theory by judith butler
fluid variable that shifts and changes in different contexts and at different times
