Development over the lifespan

Question 1

what are the 6 periods of development

Answer 1

prenatal
infancy/toddlerhood
early childhood
middle childhood
adolescence
emerging adulthood

Question 2

6 major problems in prenatal development

Answer 2

1) measles
2) radiation, chemicals
3) sexually transmitted diseases
4) smoking
5) drinking
6) cocaine

Question 3

reflexes (and newborn reflexes)

Answer 3

“inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation”

newborn reflexes: sucking, grasping, rooting

Question 4

attachment

Answer 4

strong affectional ties we feel for special people in our lives that lead us to feel pleasure and joy when we interact with them and can be comforted by their nearness during times of stress

Question 5

4 stages of piaget’s theory of development

Answer 5

1) sensorimotor state (0-2yrs)
2) pre-operational stage (2-7yrs)
3) concrete operational stage (7-11yrs)
4) formal operational stage (11yrs-__)

Question 6

what are the 3 perspectives on what drives development

Answer 6

piaget: socio-cognitive equilibrium
freud: psychosexual energies
Erikson: psyco-social conflicts

Question 7

schemes

Answer 7

specific, organized ways of making sense of experience; changes with age

Question 8

sensorimotor stage (piaget)

Answer 8

1st stage of piagets theory
reflexive schemes
circular reactions
first mental representations
object permanence

Question 9

pre-operational (piaget)

Answer 9

2nd stage of piagets theory
mental representations (dramatic increase: represent actions and reflect on them, can refer to past and future)
drawings become realistic
egocentrism (only your own perspective)

Question 10

concrete operational stage (piaget)

Answer 10

3rd stage of piagets theory
less egocentrism
conservation
concrete seriation (put things in order according to relative length

Question 11

formal operations stage (piaget)

Answer 11

4th stage of piagets theory
theorize & hypothesize
solve problems

Question 12

Vygotsky

Answer 12

believed that language and culture are important and learning is social

Question 13

3 stages of moral development according to lawrence kohlberg

Answer 13

Preconventional
conventional
post-conventional

Question 14

pre conventional stage (kohlberg)

Answer 14

1 perspective

behaviour is motivated by external pressure such as avoiding punishment and getting award

Question 15

conventional stage (kohlberg)

Answer 15

consider other peoples views, intentions and motives and feel responsible to society, laws and institutions
conform to majority norms and maintain social order

Question 16

post-conventional stage (kohlberg)

Answer 16

set your own principles that guide your life but things can be negotiated
come up with reasons to do things

Question 17

Gender identity

Answer 17

person’s perception of the self as relatively masculine or feminine in characteristics

Question 18

masculine

Answer 18

ambitious, competitive, self-sufficient

Question 19

feminine

Answer 19

affectionate, cheerful , soft-spoken

Question 20

androgynous

Answer 20

high in masculinity and femininity

Question 21

de Beauvoir opinion on sexuality

Answer 21

one is not born a woman but becomes one

Question 22

queer theory by judith butler

Answer 22

fluid variable that shifts and changes in different contexts and at different times