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Embryology > Development of Head and Neck. > Flashcards

Development of Head and Neck. Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal arches - Derivation.

A

NCC migrating to Neck region. (Major)

Intraembryonic Mesoderm - Paraxial and Lateral Mesoderm.

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2
Q

When are Pharyngeal arches are formed.?

A

4th week.

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3
Q

Pharyngeal Clefts - Derived from

A

Outer ectoderm.

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4
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches - Derived from

A

Inner Endoderm.

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5
Q

Pharyngeal Membrane - contains.?

A

all three Germ layers.
1st membrane - Tympanic membrane.
Rest all obliterates.

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6
Q

Point where Cleft meets pouch -

A

Pharyngeal membrane.

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7
Q

Components of Pharyngeal arch.?

A

Cartilage, Muscles, Nerve, Artery.

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8
Q

Cartilage component of 1st arch -

A

Meckel’s cartilage, Malleus, Incus, maxilla, mandible, sphenoid, zygomatic, temporal bone.

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9
Q

Cartilage component of 2nd arch -

A

Richter’s cartilage - Stapes, Styloid, Stylohyoid, Supr surface of hyoid, Small horn of hyoid.

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10
Q

Cartilage component of 3rd arch -

A

Greater horn of hyoid, Infr surface of hyoid.

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11
Q

Cartilage component of 4th and 6th arch -

A

Cartilages of larynx excpt epiglottis.

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12
Q

Epiglottis - derived from

A

mesoderm of Hypobranchial eminence of 4th arch.

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13
Q

Muscle component of 1st arch

A

Muscles of mastication, Tensor tympani, Tensor palatini, Mylohyoid.

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14
Q

Nerve component of 1st arch -

A

Mandibular nerve.

Pre - Trematic- Chorda tympani nerve.

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15
Q

Artery component of 1st arch-

A

Maxillary artery.

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16
Q

Muscle component of 2nd arch -

A

Muscles of facial expression, Posterior belly of digastric.

stylohyoid, stapedius.

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17
Q

Nerve component of 2nd arch -

A

Facial nerve.

pre - trematic nerve - Tympanic nerve of IX

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18
Q

Artery component of 2nd arch -

A

Stapedial artery.

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19
Q

Mandibular branch of Arches is .?

A

1st arch

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20
Q

Hyoid branch of arches is .?

A

2nd arch

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21
Q

Cartilage component of 3rd arch .?

A

Greater horn of hyoid, inferior surface of hyoid.

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22
Q

Muscle component of 3rd arch.?

A

Stylopharyngeus.

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23
Q

Artery component of 3rd arch.?

A

CCA, ICA, ECA.

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24
Q

Nerve component of 3rd arch .?

A

Glossopharyngeal.

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25
Q

Cartilage component of 4th and 6th arch.?

A

Cartilage of larynx except epiglottis.

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26
Q

Muscle component of 4th arch.?

A

Muscle of pharynx (except - Stylopharyngeus) and plate and cricothyroid.

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27
Q

Muscles of Larynx is derived from 6th branch except

A

Cricothyroid.

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28
Q

Muscles of pharynx is derived from 4th branch except -

A

Stylopharyngeus.

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29
Q

Muscle component of 6th arch.?

A

Muscles of larynx except circothyroid.

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30
Q

Nerve component of 4th arch .?

A

SLN

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31
Q

Nerve component of 6th arch .?

A

RLN

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32
Q

Artery of 4th arch .?

A

Aortic arch, right subclavian artery.

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33
Q

Artery of 6th arch.?

A

Pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus.

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34
Q

Aortic arch derived from

A

left 4 th arch.

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35
Q

Right subclavian artery derived from

A

right 4th arch.

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36
Q

Distal left 6th arch gives rise to which artery.?

A

Ductus arteriosus.

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37
Q

Hypobranchial eminence of 4th branch gives rise to

A

epiglottis and posterior most part of tongue.

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38
Q

Muscles of palate derived from 4th arch except.?

A

Tensor palatini - 1st arch.

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39
Q

Failure of differentiation of 1st arch derivatives

A

Treacher collins and Pierre robinson syndrome.

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40
Q

Treacher collins syndrome

A

Failure of differentiation of 1st arch derivatives.

Facial asymmetry, Coloboma of lower eyelid, External ear anomalies.

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41
Q

Pierre robinson syndrome

A

Mandible hypoplasia,
Glossoptosis,
Cleft palate.

42
Q

1st pouch derivatives

A

Eustachian tube, Middle ear and Mastoid antrum.

43
Q

2nd Pouch derivatives -

A

Tonsillar fossa and epithelium.

44
Q

3rd pouch derivatives

A

Thymus and Inferior parathyroid.

45
Q

4th Pouch derivatives -

A

Superior parathyroid and Ultimobranchial body

46
Q

Ventral 4th pouch derivatives -

A

Ultimobranchial bodies - Parafollicular cells

47
Q

Parafollicular cells derived from -

A

NCC > Ultimobranchial body

48
Q

Dorsal 4th pouch derivatives -

A

Superior parathyroid

49
Q

Ventral 3rd pouch derivatives

A

Thymus

50
Q

Dorsal 3rd pouch derivatives

A

Inferior parathyroid.

51
Q

Failure of differentiation of 3rd pouch -

A

Digeorge syndrome. - absent thymus and inferior parathyroid.

52
Q

1st cleft forms

A

External auditory meatus.

53
Q

2nd cleft forms

A

Cervical sinus - 2nd cleft fuses with 6th arch

54
Q

2nd cleft fuses with 6th arch to form

A

Cervical sinus

55
Q

Persistence of cervical sinus

A

Branchial cyst

56
Q

Location of branchial cyst or sinus

A

upper border of SCM muscle.

57
Q

MC location of Branchial cyst or sinus

A

Below angle of mandible.

58
Q

Epithelium of tongue derived from

A

ant 2/3 rd - Surface ectoderm.

postr 1/3 - Endoderm.

59
Q

Muscles of tongue derived from

A

Myotome of occipital somites excpt palatoglossus - 4th arch

60
Q

Myotome of occipital somites gives rise to all muscles of tongue except

A

Palatoglossus.

61
Q

Palatoglossus is derived from

A

4th arch

62
Q

myotome of Occipital somites gives rise to

A

muscles of tongue

63
Q

Myotome of pre - occipital somites gives rise to

A

extraocular muscles

64
Q

Myotome of cervical somites gives rise to

A

Diaphragm.

65
Q

Diaphragm is derived from

A

Septum transversum and cervical somites - myotome.

66
Q

Anterior 2/3rd of tongue is derived from

A

Floor of 1st arch - 2 lingual swellings and tuberculum impar.
mesoderm of hypobranchial eminence of 3rd arch.

67
Q

Which arch does not contribute to tongue formation

A

2nd arch.

68
Q

posterior 1/3rd of tongue derived from

A

mesoderm of hypobranchial eminence of 3rd arch

69
Q

Posterior most part of tongue derived from

A

mesoderm of hypobranchial eminence of 4th arch

70
Q

General sensation of Antr 2/3rd of tongue is supplied by

A

Lingual nerve - branch of mandibular nerve - 1st arch

71
Q

Taste sensation of Antr 2/3rd of tongue is supplied by

A

Chorda tympani - branch of facial nerve. - Pre- trematic of 1st arch

72
Q

Taste and general sensation of posterior 1/3rd of tongue is supplied by

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve - IX

73
Q

Posterior most part of tongue is supplied by

A

Vagus.

74
Q

Adenohypophysis is derived from

A

Rathke’s pouch - Surface ectoderm.

75
Q

Pars nervosa is derived from

A

Neuroectoderm.

76
Q

Pars anterior, Intermedia, Tuberalis derived from

A

Surface ectoderm.

77
Q

Adrenal cortex derived from

A

Intermediate mesoderm.

78
Q

Adrenal medulla derived from

A

NCC.

79
Q

Face development - processes

A

Frontonasal.
MNP and LNP.
Maxillary.
Mandibular.

80
Q

Forehead is derived from

A

Frontonasal process

81
Q

Philtrum and Palate derived from

A

MNP

82
Q

Frontonasal process gives rise to

A

Forehead

83
Q

MNP gives rise to

A

Philtrum and primitive palate.

84
Q

LNP gives rise to -

A

Ala and side of nose

85
Q

MNP fuses with

A

Maxillary process

86
Q

Philtrum and primitive palate derived from

A

MNP

87
Q

Ala and side of nose derived from

A

LNP

88
Q

Maxillary process fuses with

A

MNP and LNP

89
Q

Maxillary process gives rise to

A

Upper lip and cheek

90
Q

Upper lip and cheek derived from

A

Maxillary process

91
Q

Lower lip and Chin are derived from

A

Mandibular process

92
Q

Mandibular process gives rise to

A

Lower lip and chin.

93
Q

Primary palate derived from

A

MNP

94
Q

Secondary palate derived from

A

Maxillary process

95
Q

Incisive foramen - formation.

A

site of fusion of primary and secondary palate.

96
Q

Midline cleft lip - cause

A

Failure of fusion of MNP - Absent philtrum.

97
Q

Philtrum is absent in

A

Failure of fusion of MNP - Midline Cleft lip

98
Q

Cleft upper lip - cause

A

Failure of fusion of MNP and maxillary process.

99
Q

Failure of fusion of MNP and maxillary process causes -

A

Cleft upper lip.

100
Q

Oblique facial cleft - causes

A

Failure of fusion of LNP and Maxillary process.

101
Q

Cleft lower lip - Causes

A

Failure of fusion of Mandibular process.

Embryology (16 decks)

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