Development and Growth Flashcards
What age range represents the greatest change in bone mass in girls?
12-15
What age range represents the greatest change in bone mass in boys?
14-17
What are the earliest markers of abnormal neurologic maturation?
obligatory or persistent primitive reflexes
When does prone head righting reflex emerge?
2 months
When does the supine head righting reflex emerge?
3-4 months
When does the body righting reflex emerge?
4-6 months
When does protective extension/parachute reactions emerge for anterior, lateral, and posterior directions?
- anterior: 5-7 months
- lateral: 6- 8 months
- posterior: 7 - 8 months
What is the age of suppression of the ATNR?
6-7 months
What reflex presents with extensor tone when supine and flexor tone when prone?
tonic labyrinthine
What characterizes 4 month old fine motor activity?
hands mostly open, midline hand play, crude palmar grasp
What characterizes 7 month old fine motor activity?
intermediate grasp, transfer cube from hand to hand
What characterizes 10 month old fine motor activity?
pincer grasp, bangs two cubes held in hands
At what age can a child walk backwards?
18 months
At what age does a child begin running?
2 years old
At what age can a child walk up and down stairs alone?
2 years old
At what age can a child walk up stairs alternating feet?
3 years old
At what age can a child walk down stairs alternating feet?
4 years old
At what age do the plantar arches develop?
4 years old
How many cubes can a two year old stack?
8
At what age does a child use a spoon well?
2
At what age does toilet training start?
2
Shape copied at age 3?
circle
What are 5 year old gross motor milestones?
skips, balance 10 seconds on each foot
Shape copied at age 5
triangle
Shape copied at age 4
square
At what age should a child be able to pivot circles when prone?
5 months
At what age should a child be able to prone prop on extended elbows?
3 months
At what age should a child be able to roll prone to supine?
4 months
At what age does the sitting equilibrium or tilting reaction emerge?
6 to 8 months
At what age does the standing equilibrium or tilting reaction emerge?
12 to 14 months
What is the prevalence of Autism in the US?
About 1 per 100
What is the age of suppression of the Moro reflex?
4 to 6 months
What is the age of suppression of the rooting reflex?
4 months
What is the age of suppression of the positive supporting reflex and automatic walking?
3 to 5 months, replaced by volitional weight bearing with support
What is the age of suppression of the palmar grasp reflex?
5 to 6 months
What is the neck righting or body derotational reflex?
primitive reflex of the body rotating in direction of neck rotation
Age of suppression of neck righting/body derotational reflex?
4 months, replaced by rolling
What is seen with the STNR reflex?
On flexion of the neck,
flexion in the upper limbs and extension of the lower limbs is observed. On extension of the
neck, the opposite pattern will be seen.
What is seen with the ATNR reflex?
extension in the upper and the lower limbs on the
nasal side, and flexion of both limbs on the occipital side
What is the scissor grasp and what age is it seen?
using 4 fingers and side of thumb, 8 months
What age is the fine pincer grasp achieved?
12 months
What is the difference between fine pincer and pincer grasp?
The pincer grasp incorporates the PIP of the index finger whereas the fine pincer uses just the DIP and the thumb.
At what age does a child demonstrate disappearance of head lag when pulled to sit?
4 months
What is brachiocephaly?
Width of skull more than 80% the length
What is dolichocephaly or scaphocephaly?
width is less than 75% the length
What is the age range for the WeeFIM?
6 months to 7 years old
