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PRM Board Exam > Development and Growth > Flashcards

Development and Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What age range represents the greatest change in bone mass in girls?

A

12-15

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2
Q

What age range represents the greatest change in bone mass in boys?

A

14-17

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3
Q

What are the earliest markers of abnormal neurologic maturation?

A

obligatory or persistent primitive reflexes

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4
Q

When does prone head righting reflex emerge?

A

2 months

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5
Q

When does the supine head righting reflex emerge?

A

3-4 months

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6
Q

When does the body righting reflex emerge?

A

4-6 months

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7
Q

When does protective extension/parachute reactions emerge for anterior, lateral, and posterior directions?

A
  • anterior: 5-7 months
  • lateral: 6- 8 months
  • posterior: 7 - 8 months
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8
Q

What is the age of suppression of the ATNR?

A

6-7 months

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9
Q

What reflex presents with extensor tone when supine and flexor tone when prone?

A

tonic labyrinthine

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10
Q

What characterizes 4 month old fine motor activity?

A

hands mostly open, midline hand play, crude palmar grasp

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11
Q

What characterizes 7 month old fine motor activity?

A

intermediate grasp, transfer cube from hand to hand

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12
Q

What characterizes 10 month old fine motor activity?

A

pincer grasp, bangs two cubes held in hands

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13
Q

At what age can a child walk backwards?

A

18 months

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14
Q

At what age does a child begin running?

A

2 years old

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15
Q

At what age can a child walk up and down stairs alone?

A

2 years old

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16
Q

At what age can a child walk up stairs alternating feet?

A

3 years old

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17
Q

At what age can a child walk down stairs alternating feet?

A

4 years old

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18
Q

At what age do the plantar arches develop?

A

4 years old

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19
Q

How many cubes can a two year old stack?

A

8

20
Q

At what age does a child use a spoon well?

A

2

21
Q

At what age does toilet training start?

A

2

22
Q

Shape copied at age 3?

A

circle

23
Q

What are 5 year old gross motor milestones?

A

skips, balance 10 seconds on each foot

24
Q

Shape copied at age 5

A

triangle

25
Q

Shape copied at age 4

A

square

26
Q

At what age should a child be able to pivot circles when prone?

A

5 months

27
Q

At what age should a child be able to prone prop on extended elbows?

A

3 months

28
Q

At what age should a child be able to roll prone to supine?

A

4 months

29
Q

At what age does the sitting equilibrium or tilting reaction emerge?

A

6 to 8 months

30
Q

At what age does the standing equilibrium or tilting reaction emerge?

A

12 to 14 months

31
Q

What is the prevalence of Autism in the US?

A

About 1 per 100

32
Q

What is the age of suppression of the Moro reflex?

A

4 to 6 months

33
Q

What is the age of suppression of the rooting reflex?

A

4 months

34
Q

What is the age of suppression of the positive supporting reflex and automatic walking?

A

3 to 5 months, replaced by volitional weight bearing with support

35
Q

What is the age of suppression of the palmar grasp reflex?

A

5 to 6 months

36
Q

What is the neck righting or body derotational reflex?

A

primitive reflex of the body rotating in direction of neck rotation

37
Q

Age of suppression of neck righting/body derotational reflex?

A

4 months, replaced by rolling

38
Q

What is seen with the STNR reflex?

A

On flexion of the neck,
flexion in the upper limbs and extension of the lower limbs is observed. On extension of the
neck, the opposite pattern will be seen.

39
Q

What is seen with the ATNR reflex?

A

extension in the upper and the lower limbs on the
nasal side, and flexion of both limbs on the occipital side

40
Q

What is the scissor grasp and what age is it seen?

A

using 4 fingers and side of thumb, 8 months

41
Q

What age is the fine pincer grasp achieved?

A

12 months

42
Q

What is the difference between fine pincer and pincer grasp?

A

The pincer grasp incorporates the PIP of the index finger whereas the fine pincer uses just the DIP and the thumb.

43
Q

At what age does a child demonstrate disappearance of head lag when pulled to sit?

A

4 months

44
Q

What is brachiocephaly?

A

Width of skull more than 80% the length

45
Q

What is dolichocephaly or scaphocephaly?

A

width is less than 75% the length

46
Q

What is the age range for the WeeFIM?

A

6 months to 7 years old

PRM Board Exam (17 decks)

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