Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

Moro, rooting + grasp reflex - what is it, when does it appear + when does it go?

A

Moro = sudden extension of head causes symmetrical extension then flexion of hands, present at birth, disappears 3-4 months

Rooting = turns head towards a stroke of the cheek. Present at birth, disappears at 4 months

Grasp = flexion of fingers when object is in palm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tonic neck reflex, labyrinthine righting + postural support reflex - when does it appear + when does it leave?

A

Tonic neck = lying supine, infant adopts outstretched arm to side which head turns

Present at 1 month, integrated by 4 months

Labyrinthine righting = head moves in opposite direction to which body is tilted

Present at birth, integrates within a few months

Postural support/ stepping = when upright, legs take weight and bounce

Present at birth, disappears at 5-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lateral propping + parachute reflex

A

Lateral propping = when sitting, arm extends on side to which child falls

Parachute = when upside down, arms extend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

6 week developmental milestones

A

Head lag, head in line when held

Fixes + follows object through 90’

Startles to loud noise, cries/ coos

Smiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

6 months developmental milestones

A

Sits without support, rolls front to back, grasps feet

Transfers objects between hands, mouths

Turns to voice, babbles

Finger feeds, laughs, holds bottle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1 year developmental milestones

A

Stands independently, cruises around

Pincer grip, bangs cubes

1-2 words, understands name

Drinks from cup, waves, empties cupboards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

15 months developmental milestones

A

Broad based gate, pushes wheeled toy

Palmer grasp of pencil, random scribble , builds tower of 2, follows toy pulled 3m away

2-6 words, understands simple commands

Feeds self with spoon, can help dressing, indicates wants without crying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 years developmental milestones

A

Kicks ball, climbs furniture

Circular scribble, tower of 6, turns pages

50+ words, joins 2 words, 2 step request understood

Won’t share, plays near but not with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Red flag ages for smiling, not rolling over, unable to sit unsupported

A

Smiling = 6 weeks Not rolling over = 6 months Unable to sit unsupported = 9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Red flag ages for being unable to crawl or walk

A

Crawling = 12 months Walking = 18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of squint

A

Concomintant Paralytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a concomintant squint?

A

Refractive error - treat with glasses Common with neurodevelopmental delay Squinting eye turns inwards (convergent) Squint is constant in all directions of gaze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a paralytic squint?

A

Varies with gaze direction due to paralysis of motor nerves (LR6 SO4) Possibility of SOL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RF for squints

A

Low birth weight Preterms Neuromuscular disorders Brain or eye tumours Infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to diagnose squints

A

Corneal light reflex test - if light reflection is in different positions Cover test - when fixing eye is covered, squinting eye moves to take up fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ASD S+S

A

Impaired social interaction Speech + language disorder Imposition of routines with ritualistic + repetitive behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Genetic causes of blindness

A

Cataracts Albinism Retinal dystrophy Retinoblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antenatal + perinatal causes of blindness

A

Congenital infection Retinopathy of prematurity Cerebral damage Optic nerve hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Postnatal causes of blindness

A

Infection JIA Vit A deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Types of deafness

A

Sensorineural = lesion in cochlea or auditory nerve, present at birth Conductive = abnormalities of ear canal or middle ear, usually due to OME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Causes of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Genetic Congenital infection (Rubella) Preterm HIE Hyperbilirubinaemia Drugs: aminoglycosides, furosemide

22
Q

Causes of conductive hearing loss

A

OME Eustachian tube dysfunction: DS, cleft palate, Pierre Robin sequence

23
Q

What is fragile X?

A

X linked recessive disorder Learning difficulty Macrocephaly Macro-orchidism Long face, large ears, prominent mandible, broad forehead Mitral valve prolapse, joint laxity, autism, ADHD

24
Q

Management of ADHD

A

Stimulants: methylphenidate or dexamphetamine

12 week training scheme

25
Q

SE of methylpenidate

A

Reduced appetite Slowed growth Insomnia Stomach pains

26
Q

Rooting + stepping reflex

A

Rooting = head turns to stimulus when touched near mouth Stepping = stepping movements when held vertically

27
Q

What is Angelman’s syndrome?

A

Developmental regression, epilepsy

Due to deletion of maternally inherited CH15

28
Q

When can honey be introduced and why?

A

12 months due to risk of botulism

29
Q

When are children able to draw a X and a box?

A

4 years

30
Q

Gross motor milestones (6-8 weeks, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 12 months, 15 months)

A

6-8 weeks = raises head 45’ when prone

6-8 months = sits without support

8-9 months = crawls

10 months – cruising

12 months = walks

15 months = walks steadily

31
Q

Language milestones for 3-4 months, 7-10 months, 12 months, 18 months, 2 years, 3 years

A

3-4 months = vocalises alone, laughs

7-10 months = first words

12 months – 2-3 words

18 months – 6-10 words. Shows body parts

2 years = simple phrases

3 years = talks in 3-4 word sentences

32
Q

Fine motor + vision milestones (6 weeks, 4 months, 6 months, 7 months, 10 months, 18 months, towers + drawing ages)

A

6 weeks = follows moving object

4 months = reaches out for toys

4-6 months = palmar grasp

7 months = transfers toys between hands

10 months = pincer grip

18 months = marks with crayon

3 block tower = 18 months

6 block tower = 24 months

8 block tower = 2.5 years

Line = 2 years Circle = 3 years Cross = 3.5 years Square = 4 years Triangle = 5 years

33
Q

Social milestones (6 weeks, 8 months, 10 months, 12 months, 18mths, 24mths, 2 years, 3 years)

A

6 weeks = smiles

6-8 mths = food in mouth

10-12 = waves bye, plays peek a boo

12 months = drinks from cup with 2 hands

18 mths = holds spoon + gets food into mouth

18-24 mths = symbolic play

2 years = dry by day

3 = parallel play, takes turns

34
Q

What age can children build towers of 3, 6 + 9?

A

3 = 18 months

6 = 2 years

9 = 3 years

35
Q

When can a child copy + draw shapes?

A

Copy 6 months before they can draw

36
Q

What is the cutoff for acceptable weight loss in the first 7 days?

A

10%

37
Q

When can a child hop on one leg?

A

4 years

38
Q

What is the definition of delayed puberty?

A

Lack of onset of development of secondary sexual characteristics by 13 in girls + 14 in boys

39
Q

What is the average weight of a 1 year old?

A

10kg

40
Q

How many hours does a newborn sleep?

A

16 hours

41
Q

When to children get hand preferences?

A

18 months

42
Q

What is fetal anti-convulsant syndrome?

A

Defects occurring from mother taking anti-convulsants during pregnancy

NTD, heart defects, orofacial + urogenital defects

43
Q

Which drugs cause craniofacial abnormalities in newborns?

A

ACEi, alcohol, carbamazepine, valproate, warfarin

44
Q

What do you give in grey baby syndrome?

A

Chloramphenicol

45
Q

3 month milestones

A

Hands to midline, fixes + follows through 180’

No head lag, lifts chest + head when prone

Turns to sound

Social smile

46
Q

9 month milestones

A

Points with index finger, early pincer, looks for fallen toy

Sits unsupported for 15 mins, rolls back to front, pulls to stand

Understands ‘no’ + ‘bye’, says ‘mama’ + ‘dad’

Stranger anxiety, finger feeds

47
Q

18 month milestones

A

Tower of 3 bricks, linear scribble, hand preference

Walks well, walks upstairs with hand held, runs

6-20 words, points to body parts

Feeds independantly, symbolic play, indicates toilet needs

48
Q

2.5 years milestones

A

Tower of 7, tripod grip, picks up tiny objects with eye covered

Runs well, walks upstairs 2 feet to a step, steers pedal cycle

200+ words, echolalia, questionning

Feeds self skilfully, pulls down pants, role play

49
Q

3 years milestones

A

tower of 9, copies brick train + bridge, copies circle, cuts with scissors

Walks upstairs, throws ball, stands on 1 leg momentarily

3-4 word sentences, counts to 10, knows name + sex

Uses knife + fork, dry by day, separates from mother easily

50
Q

4 year milestones

A

Tower of 10, copies square, matches 4 primary colours

Hops, stands on 1 fot for 3-5s

Speech grammatically correct, knows full name + address, counts to 20

Shares toys, dry by day + night, uses toilet alone

51
Q

5 year milestones

A

Copies triangle, builds steps of 3

Runs up and down stairs, catches ball, skips

Fluent speech, defines words

Chooses friends, washes + dries hands, comforts in distress

Paediatrics (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions