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Pediatrics > development > Flashcards

development Flashcards

1
Q

Standard deviations in growth greater than ________ on a normal distribution curve need to be worked up

A

2

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2
Q

What’s normal head circumference at birth? One year?

A

34-35 cm. Expect 12 cm increase to 46-47cm

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3
Q

When would you expect fontanels to close? Sutures?

A

12-18 months, sutures at puberty

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4
Q

Dad wants to know how tall his daughter is going to be. Is it realistic for you to make an estimate?

A

Sure, most kids grow up to be twice the height they were at age 2

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5
Q

Average length of full term infant? How about at one year?

A

50cm, expect to increase by half by 12 months–>75cm

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6
Q

Estimate expected height in children with spinal deformities by using what?

A

wingspan

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7
Q

Babies weighing less than _______grams are considered low birth weight

A

2500

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8
Q

Mom is worried, baby is 6 days old and she weighs less than she did at birth. What do you do?

A

Nothing. This is common in the 1st week of life

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9
Q

During the first 3-4 months of life, you should expect baby to gain _____oz per day

A

1 oz

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10
Q

newborn weight should double by _______months and triple by ______ months

A

6, 12

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11
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 1 month

A

eyes follow to midline

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12
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 2 months

A

responsive smile

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13
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 3 months

A

coos and chuckles in response to social ques

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14
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 4 months

A

holds head steady when sitting. Can raise head 90 degrees when prone

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15
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 5 months

A

grasps cube on contact

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16
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 6 months

A

can sit in chair

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17
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 7 months

A

can sit erect (erect…) on hard surface momentarily

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18
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 8 months

A

army crawl

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19
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 9 months

A

stands holding on

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20
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 10 months

A

“creeps” which I think means the conventional crawling

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21
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 11 months

A

“cruises”, meaning can stand and move sideways while holding onto objects for support

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22
Q

Milestones to assess progression of cephalocaudal development: 12 months

A

walks with one hand held

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23
Q

CNS has not totally matured in the newborn stage, therefore reflexes will be _______. As CNS matures, these will disappear

A

primitive

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24
Q

The _____ reflex is elicited by faux dropping of baby. Head and arms should extend. If this persists past the age of ______, you should worry about CNS pathology

A

Moro, 4-6 months

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25
Q

The _____reflex is elicited by loud noise. Baby’s response is extension of head and arms. If this persists beyond 4-6 months, you should worry about _________

A

startle, CNS pathology

26
Q

CNS pathology should be suspected if the ______ reflex persists beyond ____ months and infant continues to search for a nipple when cheek is stroked

A

rooting, 4 months

27
Q

During palmar and plantar grasp, you put pressure on palm or sole of foot. You expect the digits to flex or extend? The palmar grasp should last until ___months, whereas the plantar grasp should last until ______. This reflex will be absent in the case of ____________-

A

6 months, walking (12 months). Lower motor neuron paralysis.

28
Q

The _________ reflex only appears after about _____months of age. To test, you hold infant upright and then tilt forward as if falling head first. They should respond by holding arms out to protect face.

A

parachute, 9 months +

29
Q

Most kids can lift their head by ___months

A

3

30
Q

Roll over by ____ months

A

5

31
Q

sit alone by ____months

A

8

32
Q

pull themselves to a stand by ____ months

A

10

33
Q

walk with assistance by ____ months

A

13

34
Q

walk well by ____ months

A

14

35
Q

walk up stairs by ____months

A

22

36
Q

kick a ball bay ____months

A

24

37
Q

Not only should you be able to kick a ball by 2 years, you should also be able to do what?

A

2 feet per stair, walk backwards, scribble

38
Q

tiptoe, jump, help dress, copy crude shapes by age ____

A

2.5

39
Q

run, climb stairs with alternate foot, use buttons, tricycle, scissors by age_____

A

3

40
Q

Excessive pull of the hip adductors and internal rotators, resulting in his legs crossing while he is supported in vertical suspension.

A

scissoring. (hehe) Indicates spasticity (UMN)

41
Q

At 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24 months, you can expect baby to do what in regards to language development?

A 
1--alert to sound
2--smile 
3--quiets to talking, coos response
4--laughs, orients to voice
6--babbles, orients to bell
9--mama/dada, waves, "no"
12--mama/dada appropriately + 2 words, follows single command with gesture
15--4-6 word vocab, follows single command without gesture
18--10 words, 5 body parts
24--pronouns, 50 words
42
Q

At 3,4, and 5 years, you can expect child to do what regarding language development?

A

3–3 word sentence
4–4 word sentence, ask question, knows a song, knows colors
5–prints name, asks for word definitions

43
Q

Social development. At what age do you expect social smiling? Seeking caregiver? Stranger anxiety? Displays emotions? Plays in group?

A 
2 months 
8 months
12 months
15 months
3 years
44
Q

child has severe paroxysmal crying, but is otherwise healthy. You suspect?

A

colic

45
Q

Dx criteria for colic?

A

1) >3 hours/day
2) >3 days/week
3) > 3 weeks

46
Q

What causes colic? How is it treated?

A

we don’t know, reassurance (don’t shake)

47
Q

When are tantrums most common?

A

1-4 years

48
Q

Involuntary cessation of breathing in response to bad stimulus. This type is characterized by less than 30 seconds of crying followed by holding breath during expiration

A

cyanotic breath holding

49
Q

This involuntary cessation of breathing happens after fright or trauma and is characterized by pallor and limpness (which is a vagal response)

A

pallid breath holding

50
Q

What should you tell parents whose kids have breath-holding spells?

A

half resolve by 4 years, 90% by 6 years, provide edu

51
Q

This parasomnia occurs late in the night during REM sleep. Frightens kids, but they are consolable. They remember dreams and don’t want to go back to sleep. How should parents respond?

A

nightmares, console child, use transitional objects

52
Q

This parasomnia occurs early in sleep, usually w/in the first hour. Kids are extremely frightened and difficult to console, although they often cannot remember their dreams. How should parents respond?

A

night terror, reassure, secure environment, scheduled awakenings

53
Q

This is the term for “sleep walking”. It’s peek incidence is in kids of _____ years old. It occurs during _____sleep and is strongly a/w _________

A

somnambulism, 11-12yrs, Non-REM, migraine

54
Q

word structure

A

morphology

55
Q

word meaning

A

semantics

56
Q

sentence structure

A

syntax

57
Q

All the milestones by specific ages are known as the ______ ______ which is a developmental screening tool. You could also use the ______questionnaire.

A

Denver scale. ASQ–ages and stages questionnaire ….questionnaire

58
Q

spastic of dyskinetic disease that diminishes movement and cognition and is caused by non-pregressive lesions in the brain

A

cerebral palsy

59
Q

What causes CP?

A

prematurity, genetics, exposure to infection or trauma

60
Q

What s/s are you expecting for a child with CP?

A

1) delayed motor skills.
2) preference for one side over the other
3) increased tone–>scissoring

61
Q

How do you treat CP?

A

PT, botox, ortho sx to lengthen muscles

Pediatrics (9 decks)

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