Development Flashcards
Fields of Denever development screening test (DDST
These fields are:
Gross motor (locomotion, motor)
Fine motor (Adaptive, sensory-motor, manipulation or hand-eye coordination)
Personal-social (Social)
Language (communication)
Def of Gross motor
- It includes posture and large body movements (performed by groups of large muscles) e.g. head control, sitting, standing, etc.
Def of Fine motor
Coordination of hands and eyes, using fingers for reaching, grasping, and manipulating, etc.
Def of Social (Cognitive)
- Social reaction of child with his surroundings and relatives and his adaptation to the environment e.g. play, self-care, etc.
Def of Language “Communication”
The ability to communicate:
- Verbally (intact hearing,oral musculature, speech centers)
- Non-verbally (use of 4 gestures, facial expressions and body language, sign language)
Assessment of development in premature infants
Primitive reflexes
◈ These are normal reflex behaviors that appear early in life (maybe in utero)
◈ They are lost as development progresses e.g., grasp reflex should be lost to allow voluntary reaching and grasping
Gross Motor
- 3 Months
◈ Head support when held erect
◈ Raise chest when prone
◈ Support weight on forearm
Gross Motor
- 6 Months
◈ Sit supported (by his arm)
◈ Sit alone ⇢ 7 months
Gross Motor
- 9 Months
◈ Creeps or crawls
Gross Motor
- 12 months
◈ Walks supported (with one handheld)
◈ Walks alone ⇢ 13–15 months
Gross Motor
- 18 Months
◈ Walks upstairs with 1 handheld
◈ Seats himself in small chair
Gross Motor
- 24 Month
◈ Runs well
◈ Walks up & down stairs alone (one step at a time)
Gross Motor
- 30 Month
◈ Walks upstairs alone (alternating feet)
Gross Motor
- 36 Months
◈ Rides & pedals tricycle
◈ Climbs upstairs well
◈ Jumps on spot
Gross Motor
- 60 Month
◈ Hops on one foot
◈ Walks heal to toe along a line
Fine motor
- 3 Month
◈ Open hands spontaneously
◈ Following objects
Fine motor
- 6 Month
◈ Palmer grasp (Transfer objects from hand to hand)
Fine motor
- 9 Month
◈ Pincer grasp (use thumb & finger)
Fine motor
- 12 months
◈ Release an object on command
◈ Drink from a cup
Fine motor
- 18 month
◈ Feeds from a spoon
Fine motor
- 24 Months
◈ Builds a tower of 6 blocks
Fine motor
- 30 Months
◈ Builds a tower of 8 blocks
Fine motor
- 36 Months
◈ Builds a tower of 8 blocks
Fine motor
- 60 Months
◈ Draw a man (6 parts) with a
pencil
Social
- 3 Months
Social smile
Social
- 6 Months
Shows likes & dislikes
Social
- 9 Months
◈ Play Peek-a-boo (hide face ⇢ sudden uncover)
Social
- 12 months
◈ Come when called
◈ Play with small ball
Social
- 18 Months
◈ Mimics actions of others
Social
- 24 Months
◈ Plays with others
Social
- 30 Months
◈ Eat with knife & fork
◈ Go to toilet alone
Social
- 36 Months
◈ Eat with knife & fork
◈ Go to toilet alone
Social
- 60 Months
◈ Choose own friends
◈ Dramatic group play
Language
- 3 Months
◈ Coos (sounds like pigeons)
◈ Says “aah, ngah”
◈ Laughs aloud
Language
- 6 Months
◈ Babbles
Language
- 9 Months
◈ Repetitive sounds “mama, dada”
◈ Imitates sounds
Language
- 12 Months
◈ 1 – 2 meaningful words
Language
- 18 Months
At least 6 words
Language
- 24 Months
◈ Sentences of 2 – 3 words
Language
- 30 Months
◈ Uses prepositions
◈ Sentences of 4 words
◈ Recognizes 4 colors
◈ Give full name, age & sex
Language
- 36 Months
◈ Uses prepositions
◈ Sentences of 4 words
◈ Recognizes 4 colors
◈ Give full name, age & sex
Language
- 60 Months
◈ Fluent speech
◈ Ask about mean of word & things
Abnormal patterns of development
- Developmental Delay
- Developmental Regression
Developmental delay
Developmental regression
◈ The child starts to lose the previously acquired new learnt skills.
◈ This usually indicates degenerative brain disease
Causes of delayed motor development (sitting / walking)
Causes of delayed speech
Causes of delayed smiling (beyond 6 weeks of life)
