development Flashcards
types of development, development indicators, inequalities
3 types of development (with examples)
developed
- UK
- HIC
- MEDC
developing
- Haiti
- LIC
- LEDC
emerging
- BRICS (India)
- NEE
explain the 3 categories of development
DEVELOPED - high level of development with good schooling and good access to healthcare
DEVELOPING - low level of development with little access to schooling and healthcare
EMERGING - transitioning from low to high level of development so rapidly developing but with high inequalities
define development
quality of life of a place
the social, economic and political progress of a place
define economic development
total value of goods and services provided/income of a country
define social development
improvement in quality of life, social wellbeing, equality and social justice
define political development
levels of democracy and freedom of speech
political corruption
how can development be measured
economic and social measures
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
access to safe water
% of people who have access to clean, safe water
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
birth rate
number of live births/1000 people
(higher birth rates = less developed country)
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
death rate
number of deaths/1000 people
(high death rate = less developed country)
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
GNI per capita
gross national income per person
value of a country’s income/no. of people
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
infant mortality rate
number of babies who don’t survive past 1 year old/1000 live births
(the higher = less developed)
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
life expectancy
average age a person may live up to
(lower = less developed)
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
literacy rates
% of adults that can read and write
(higher = more developed)
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
people per doctor
a ratio to show the number of people per doctor
(lower ratio - richer country)
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
the sum (in dollars) of the value of goods and services produced in the economy
–> important as it gives important information on an economy’s size and how it is performing (health of economy)
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
GROSS NATIONAL INCOME (GNI)
sum of a country’s GDP plus net income (pos/neg) from abroad
–> recognises all income that goes into a national economy, regardless of whether it’s earned overseas or in the country
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
PURCHASING POWER PARITY (PPP)
economic theory that compares different countries’ currencies through a “basket of goods” approach
–> used worldwide to compare countries’ income levels and takes into account how much you can buy with currency specific to that country
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI)
composite index that measures key dimensions of human development, like life expectancy, education access, and wealth
–> measure uses a broad range of information from both measures; standard of living and quality of living (in a country)
DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR:
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX (CPI)
the perception of how corrupt a country’s government and administration is out of 100 (higher = better)
–> useful as it could show whether there is good quality of life or not based on how corrupt (more corrupt = less human rights)
define inequality
this is the difference in wealth and access to the resources that improve quality of life
what are 4 key causes of global wealth differences
- economic & political policies
- social investment
- physical investment
- history (colonialism)
