Development

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

Characteristics that describe stage country reaches economic, social,
technological + cultural levels. Includes QOL and SOL

Question 2

Demographic Transition

Answer 2

Pop structure changing with economy (basically going from LEDC to MEDC, lower birth rates, lower death rates etc)

Question 3

Sectors of Economy

Answer 3

Primary - FFFM
Secondary - Manufacturing (Processing of raw goods. Textile, car manufact etc)
Tertiary - Service industries (Restaurant, hotel etc)
Quaternary - RnD. Essentially very refined service
Quinary - Non-profit pub services like healthcare, education, culture. Things not meant to earn financial return

Question 4

LEDC’s

Answer 4

Primary Activites, Informal service sector, little use of technology

Question 5

NIC’s

Answer 5

Newly Industrialised Country. Strong Manufacturing sector. Transnationals(Businesses operating in many countries) tend to extend operations to NIC to take advantage of cheap labour

Question 6

MEDC’s

Answer 6

Strong tertiary sector. Growth of knowledge economy jobs.(Software developers Engineers Physicians Scientists Lawyers Researchers Data scientists Data mining analysts.) Automation or transfer of manufacturing to NIC

Question 7

Dev Continuum

Answer 7

Dev not static but continual process. Rate of dev differs per country

Question 8

Development Successes?

Answer 8

Dev has been more successful socially than economically eg education, literacy, healthcare. Developing countries now have lowering infant mortality rates and higher LE

Question 9

Brandt Line

Answer 9

Divides MEDC North from LEDC South

Question 10

Economic dev

Answer 10

Income levels associated with different kinds of work people do. Wealthy countries have access to fancy machinery, improve mechanization, financial systems and high technology societies.

Question 11

Social dev

Answer 11

Refers to providing people with essential services

Question 12

Economic indicators

Answer 12

GDP - Excludes money spent outside of the nation
GNP - Includes money spent outside of the nation
PPP - Level of GNP adjusted to local cost of living(Big mac index is example of PPP)

Question 13

How is dev measured?

Answer 13

Economic indicators, demographic indicators, human+social dev indicators

Question 14

Human and Social dev indicators

Answer 14

PQLI - x̄(Literacy, Life Expectancy, infant mortality)
HDI - 0-1(1 is most developed). Social + Economic Indicators like LE, Education, GNI per capita (To give an idea of SOL)
Gini Coefficient - measure of income disparity. 0 - wealth distributed evenly between pop. 1 - perfect inequality

Question 15

Demographic Indicators

Answer 15

LE and IM(Number of infant deaths per thousand per year)

Question 16

Community Based Development

Answer 16

Establishment of fiscal frameworks (monetary economic policies) that promote/support community empowerment:

Bottom up approach

Community driven

Build local economies

Alleviate poverty and vulnerability

Sustainable development

Capacity development

Long term economic development

Community empowerment

Increased access to market

Focus on disaster preparedness

Question 17

Why does trading occur

Answer 17

Due to unequal distribution of resources. Inter dependence between countries that trade

Question 18

International Trade

Answer 18

Exchange of goods+services between countries

Question 19

Trade Surplus and Trade Deficit

Answer 19

TS: E>I, TD: E<I

Question 20

Commodity

Answer 20

Any product that has economic value and can be
traded

Question 21

Why do MEDC’s make more than LEDC’s in terms of trade?

Answer 21

LEDC’s export primary goods (unprocessed), MEDC’s export manufactured and processed goods which are more valuable

Question 22

Tarrif

Answer 22

Tax imposed by one country on goods and services imported by another country

Question 23

Quota

Answer 23

Government imposed trade restriction limiting amount of imports/exports of a certain product/service.

Question 24

Globalization

Answer 24

The process of change, increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries and economies

Question 25

Problems with export led growth

Answer 25

Over reliance on one export is risky in todays global economy. If anything happens to your main exporting product(decreased production etc) then the whole economy is affected and if main traders are unable to afford product then you suffer more.

Question 26

IDZ

Answer 26

Industrial development zone. Propose-built industrial real estate linked to international air or sea port.

Question 27

SDI

Answer 27

Spatial Development Initiative. Government programmes to encourage investment and job creation in untapped areas with high growth potential.

Question 28

Dev Aid

Answer 28

Assistance in form of technical assistance, international assistance, overseas aid, foreign aid or official dev assistance

Question 29

Dev Co-operation

Answer 29

MEDC’s no longer provide aid but rather promote development in LEDC’s. Working together rather than act like a charity

Question 30

Technical Aid

Answer 30

Provide tech (machinery, improved irrigation, introducing new technologies etc) to improve efficiency + productivity

Question 31

Conditional aid

Answer 31

Aid given with requirements

Question 32

Humanitarian aid

Answer 32

Material/logistical aid provided for humanitarian assistance generally in response to nat/human disaster. Objective is to save lives and alleviate suffering.

Question 33

Resources

Answer 33

Natural and economic assets used by people. Human resources and skills used to produce goods+services. Finite resources - exhaustible