Development 12 Months to 12 Years Flashcards
Alberta Infant Motor Scales (AIMS)
Gross motor scale (scored on observation of spontaneous motor activity of infants)
0-18 months
Domains of Development (12 Months-12 Years)
Gross Motor
Fine Motor
Cognitive
Language
Social-Emotional
Self-Help
Standardized Tests can cater to one / multiple domains - HELP evaluates all 6
Young Toddler (12 - 18 Months)
Mobility / Gross Motor
Walks freely
Creeps up stairs
Stoops to pick up objects
Young Toddler (12 - 18 Months)
Manipulation / Fine Motor
Precise release of pellet into small container
Marks paper with crayon
Palmar supinate grasp of pencil
Builds tower using 2 cubes
Points with index finger
Young Toddler (12 - 18 Months)
Cognitive
Understands and follow simple commands
Young Toddler (12 - 18 Months)
Language
Talks rather than gestures
Says 15 meaningful words
Young Toddler (12 - 18 Months)
Social Emotional
Separation distress
Imitates other children
Older Toddler (18 - 35 Months)
Mobility / Gross Motor
Begin to run
Creep backwards down stairs or climbs stairs using railing
Older Toddler (18 - 35 Months)
Manipulation / Fine Motor
Spontaneous scribbles
Strings beads
Builds towers using cubes
Holds crayon with thumb and fingers
Older Toddler (18 - 35 Months)
Cognitive
Finds hidden objects through visible displacement
Activates toy or doll in pretend play
Older Toddler (18 - 35 Months)
Language
Understands multiword utterances and uses them to express thoughts (“mommy up”)
Older Toddler (18 - 35 Months)
Social Emotional
Separation distress
Uses words to protest
A typical 2-year-old walks ___ and enjoys the pleasure of movement through ___.
well,
running / climbing up and down stairs independently / jumping off of a bottom step / jumping in place / kicking a ball / steering a push toy / riding a tricycle
At what point in development is a child’s grip known as a Pincer Grasp?
10 months
A typical 2 and a half-year-old can ___.
(related to gross mobility AND fine motor skills)
Walk on tiptoes / jump with both feet in place well / jump forward / stand on one foot / walk upstairs with both feet on step / throw and catch a ball using both arms AND body / copy a circle / hold a crayon with thumb and fingers / snip with scissors / string one-inch beads and build towers with cubes
At what point in development is a child’s grip known as a Digital Pronate Grasp?
2-3 years
3-Year-Old
Mobility / Gross Motor
True run
Walks up and downstairs alternating feet
Jumps over 2-inch object / jumps further
Rides tricycle with alternating feet
Hops on one foot / stands on one foot longer
3-Year-Old
Manipulation / Fine Motor
Copies circles
Puts together simple puzzles
Strings small beads
Static Tripod Grasp emerging
3-Year-Old
Cognitive / Language / Social Emotional
C: Tells simple story
L: Speaks in more complete sentences
SE: Shows interest in how things work
3.5-Year-Old
Mobility / Gross Motor
Can hop a few steps on preferred leg
Kicks a ball
Mounts and dismounts 3-wheel riding vehicle
3.5-Year-Old
Manipulation / Fine Motor
Traces diamond with angles rounded
Cuts out circle
Tripod Static Grasp
3.5-Year-Old
Cognitive / Language / Social Emotional
C: Can count 5 objects
L: Requests re-reads of favorite books / scribble-writing
SE: Has difficulty generating alternative in a conflict / will learn aggressive behavior rapidly if initially successful
4-Year-Old
Mobility / Gross Motor
Walks down stairs alternating feet
Gallops forward
Jumps forward 2 feet with feet together
Walks carrying object blocking view of floor
Rotation of body follows throw of ball
4-Year-Old
Manipulation / Fine Motor
Cuts straight line with child scissors
Tripod Grasp of pencil
4-Year-Old
Cognitive / Language
C: Gives age; matches and names 4 colors
L: Creates questions
4.5-Year-Old
Mobility / Gross Motor
Catches ball if prepared
Jumps in air 2-3 inches
Leans forward when jumping from a height
4.5-Year-Old
Manipulation / Fine Motor
Copies squares
Begins to button small buttons
4.5-Year-Old
Cognitive / Social Emotional
C: Count up to 15
SE: Poor at self-control
5-Year-Old
Mobility / Gross Motor
Can stop and change directions quickly when running
Can hop 8-10 steps on 1 foot
Throws ball and hits target at 10 ft
Roller skates
Rides bike
5-Year-Old
Manipulation / Fine Motor
Dynamic Tripod Grasp of pencil
Copies triangle
5-Year-Old
Cognitive / Social Emotional
C: Count up to 20 / understands past, present, and future
SE: Still poor at self-control but improving
At what age should a child begin to skip?
6 years old
At what age does a child develop what is known as a “mature gait pattern”?
7 years old
At what age should a child be able to jump rope?
8 years old
What milestone is reached related to walking at 12-15 months?
Independent walking - wide BOS and initially high guard UE position
What milestones are reached related to walking at 2 years of age?
Reciprocal arm swing
Heel strike
DF during swing
Single limb stance time increases (greater stability of stance limb)
Initial vs. Elementary vs. Mature Running
Initial: Age 2
Elementary: Age 3 - running pattern matures with a consistent flight phase (requiring more strength and balance)
Mature
Initial vs. Elementary vs. Mature Hopping
Initial: Age 3
Elementary: Age 4.5 to 5.5 - hops forward on either foot / 10 feet without assistance
Mature
Jumping Milestones
2: Jumping off of a bottom step / jumping in place
2.5: Jumps with both feet in place / jumping forward
3: Jumps over 2-inch object
4: Jumps forward 2 feet (feet together)
Development of Manipulation (Newborn - 6 Months)
N: Palmar Grasp
3 Months: Bringing hands to midline in supine
4-6 Months: Ulnar Palmar Grasp (4) / infant reaching for object with open hand in supine (4-6) / Palmar Grasp (5) / transfers object from hand to hand in supine (5-7)
Development of Manipulation (7 Months +)
7 Months: Radial Digital Grasp / rakes tiny objects
10 Months: Inferior Pincer Grasp
12 Months: Superior or Fine Pincer Grasp / can pick up pieces of cereal or raisins using tips of index finger and thumb
3.5 Years: Static Tripod Grasp (hand moves as a unit)
5 Years: Dynamic Tripod Grasp
Norm-Referenced Standardized Tests
Comparison between a child and a typically developing child of the same age
Determines whether a child has a motor delay OR to determine eligibility for early intervention
Criterion-Referenced Standardized Tests
Comparison to specific criteria rather than a normal group
Evaluating effects of intervention and treatment planning
Norm-Referenced Test Examples
Peabody Development Motor Scales (PDMS-2)
Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)
Criterion-Referenced Test Examples
Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP)
Sensory Profile
Draw out / explain Normal Distribution (Bell Curve).
If a child scores in the 95% percentile for height, that means they are ___ than 95% of their category (age).
taller
The Alberta Infant Motor Scale is an example of a Standardized ___.
Screening
The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) is an example of a Standardized ___.
Evaluation
Standardized Evaluations are often ___- Referenced while Standardized Assessments are ___- Referenced.
Norm, Criterion
Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP)
Criterion-Referenced Assessment
0-3 and 3-6 years
Provides estimated age of development
