Desktop Publishing Flashcards
1
Q
What is a thumbnail and what are the advantages?
A
It is a preliminary graphic which allows the designer to test our different ideas for a promotional graphic.
They allow a designer to generate ideas quickly.
Ideas can be shared with a client.
Ideas can be evaluated.
2
Q
What do annotations do?
A
Communicate information with clients whilst saving time by not having to add to much detail or images.
3
Q
What are advantages and disadvantages of digital thumbnails?
A
They have greater accuracy than manual tools.
Easy to share with clients electronically.
Allows experimentation of different fonts or larger features.
They take longer to create than manual versions.
4
Q
What are the advantages and disadvantages of manual thumbnails?
A
Ease of creating many ideas with a small amount of resources.
Good to show client when thinking quickly about a design.
Can sketch more organic elements with ease.
Will still need to be created digitally after the initial planning.
Not as easy to understand for non graphic specialists..
5
Q
What are the primary colours?
A
Red blue and yellow
6
Q
What are the secondary colours?
A
Violet orange and green
(Made from the primary colours)
7
Q
What are the tertiary colours?
A
Red orange
Yellow orange
Yellow green
Blue green
Blue violet
Red violet
(Primary before secondary)
8
Q
What are colour schemes?
A
They are colour combinations used by a designer. They can create harmony and contrast but if used badly can create a messy layout.
9
Q
What’s the harmonising colour scheme?
A
They are colours which sit close to each other on the colour wheel and are pleasing to the eye.
10
Q
What is a contrasting colour scheme?
A
They are colours which sit directly opposite each other on the colour wheel and appear vibrant. They easily gain attention.
11
Q
What are warm colours associated with?
A
Energy and enthusiasm
12
Q
What are cool colours associated with?
A
Calm and relaxation.
13
Q
What are advancing colours?
A
They are warm colours which appear as though they are moving towards you which makes elements stand out.
14
Q
What are receding colours?
A
They are cool coulee which appear as though they are moving away from you which can make elements appear smaller or less noticeable.
15
Q
What’s a hue?
A
A hue is the pure origin colour on the colour wheel. These colours are a more saturated form of that colour.
16
Q
What is a tint?
A
It is created by adding white to a hue, which increases the lightness of a colour.
17
Q
What is tone?
A
Tone is created when adding grey (equal amounts of white and black) to a colour which will dull the intensity of the colour.
18
Q
What is shade?
A
It is created when black is added to a colour to make it darker but the hue remains the same.
19
Q
What feelings does red evoke?
A
Warm, exciting, vibrant, passionate, dangerous.
20
Q
What feelings does orange evoke?
A
Warm, happy, cheerful, energy.
21
Q
What feelings does yellow evoke?
A
Warm, happy, bright, glowing, lively.
22
Q
What feelings does Green evoke?
A
Cool, restful, natural, calm, fresh, environment.
23
Q
What feelings does blue evoke?
A
Cool, elegant, sophisticated, classy.
24
Q
What feelings does purple evoke?
A
Cool, rich, peacefulness, solitary.
25
What feelings does grey evoke?
Natural, restful, calm, dignified, comfortable.
26
What feelings does brown evoke?
Natural, earthy, reliable, safe.
27
What feelings does black and white evoke?
Dramatic, elegant, pure, stylish.
28
What are the DTP elements?
Line
Shape
Texture
29
What are the DTP principles?
Value
Mass/weight
Allignment
Balance
Contrast
Depth
Dominance
Emphasis
Proportion
Rhythm
Unity
Proximity
White space
Grid structure
30
How can line be used effectively?
They have length, weight, thickness.
They can be broken or solid.
They can be straight or curved and can run in any directio.
They can add emphasis to a text by underlining it of can direct the readers attention when turned into an arrow.
Lines can also connect elements or split them up.
31
What to think about when analysing line?
Are there any lines running across the layout?
Do they connect elements?
Does the line split different elements?
Do they run parallel with other elements?
Do they create a physical connection between elements?
Does it lead the readers she’s across the page?
Do they create unity through the colour of the line?
Does the thickness of the line stay consistent?
Does the angle of the line create interest on the page?
Do the lines help to create grid structure?
32
How can shape be categorised?
Geometric shapes - they are mathematical shapes which are perfect and regular. These shapes are easily identified and are given names such as square, rectangle, circle and oval. They provide strong focal points and are easily recognisable. They can add a safe and formal look.
Organic shapes - they are shapes in nature, they are imperfect and irregular. They don’t follow a regulated pattern. They create interest to a spread.
33
How to analyse shape?
Does it create visual interest?
Does it draw attention to of emphasise a section of the layout?
Is contrast created through use of both types of shape?
Do the shapes create unity?
Do the shapes overlap to create depth?
Is rhythm created through repetition?
Does the shape suit the theme of the spread?
34
What can texture do in a layout?
It can draw attention of an element or page. It increases the overall visual appearance and draws attention to elements.
35
How to analyse texture?
Does the texture create visual interest on the document?
Does the texture contrast with areas of white space?
Is the page texturally bland which may not appeal?
Does the texture relate to the content of the article?
Does the texture create a 3D effect?
36
What is value?
It refers to how light or dark an arse of a design looks. Low value is dark and high value is light. Transparent objects have a higher value due to the reduce in saturation.
37
How to analyse value?
Are there any areas where there is a decrease in value?
Do arse of high and low contrast?
Are any elements transparent?
38
What is mass/weight in a layout?
It is the size of an element and it can give an indication of its important. Saturated and darker colours also increase the weight of an element.
39
How to analyse mass/weight?
What element on the spread is the largest?
Are any elements more saturated than other elements?
40
What is alignment?
It refers to the arrangement of elements within a composition in a deliberate and organised manner. A well aligned design creates a sense of order and structure and helps to guide the viewers eye through the composition,
41
How to analyse alignment?
The overall structure and position of elements on the page.
Aligned elements such as headings and images and text.
Alignment direction can help create balance or symmetry.
Image alignment.
Informal alignment - visual interest and breaks up the structured layout to add a dynamic element to the page.
42
What is balance?
It refers to the distribution of visual weight and elements to create a sense of stability or harmony: symmetrical or asymmetrical.
Symmetrical balance refers to a balanced distribution across the central axis of the page. Same weight, shape etc.
Asymmetrical balance refers to one side of the page having more visual weight, which appears informal and increases visual interest.
43
How to analyse balance?
Type of balance used.
Symmetry. Will it suit the target market? Is it formal? Does it create movement instead or grabs a viewers attention?
44
What is contrast?
It refers to the use of differences in elements such as colours, tone, size, shape and texture to create visual interest or draw attention to specific areas on the page.
45
How to analyse contrast?
Colours
Shapes (organic and geometric)
Typeface (serif, sans serif, script)
Lower case and upper case
Italic and bold
Direction of elements
Size of text/element
Dark and light
Different line spacing
46
What is depth?
It refers to the illusion of three dimensional space in a two dimensional composition to avoid it looking uninteresting.
47
How to analyse depth?
Layering of elements
A drop shadow
Transparent elements to allow the layer behind it to be seen
Perspective images
A faded background which makes the image appear further away
Low value background against high value elements.
48
What is dominance?
It is created when one element on the spread catches the readers eye first and is at the top of visual hierarchy.
49
How to analyse dominance?
What catches your eye first on the page?
Why does it do this?
Is it large, bold or capitalised?
Is there a faded or partially transparent image in the background?
Are there smaller scaled images around it to make the focal point more dominant?
50
What is emphasis?
An element can be emphasised by making it more eye catching.
51
How to analyse emphasis?
An image surround with a lot of text
White space left around an element
An important like of text on a curved line or at an angle whereas other text is kept in straight columns
Headlines and subheading in bold, body text being a lighter typeface
Colour fills or reverse
Bold, capitalised, large letters to highlight information
Use of drop cap
Use of drop shadow, white line, outer glow
Layering of elements
Different justification of text
Pull quote placed out of the grid structure
52
What is proportion?
It refers to the relationship between two or more elements in size or quantity. It can create balance and harmony and be visually appealing.
53
How to analyse proportion?
Does the size of an element draw the readers eye?
Does a drop caps proportion lead the reader to the start of the text?
Is there a change in proportion which created visual interest?
Are any elements similiar in size to create unity?
Are areas of body text similiar size which helps to create balance?
54
What is rhythm?
It is the repetition of visual elements such as colour or shape etc, which creates movement or flow in a composition. It helps to guide the viewers eyes through the design. Creates structure.
55
What is repeating rhythm?
It is achieved through the repetition of patten which creates a sense of movement and flow.
56
What is progressive rhythm?
It is achieve through a pattern which changes in some way as it is repeated etc size or colour. This creates a sense of progression and movement in the design.
57
How to analyse rhythm?
Repeated shapes
Colour matching
Use of bullet points
Duplicated lines or arrows
58
What is unity?
Combination of elements to create a sense of wholeness and cohesiveness in a composition. Making sense of the page.
59
What is proximity?
The distance between two or more elements on a page.
When elements are close together they have a high proximity. High proximity created unity and connection between elements making the design easier to understand.
60
How to analysis unity?
Colour
Line
Shape
Texture
Typeface
Allignment
Position of elements.
61
What is white space?
It is also known as negative space. It refers to the intentionally blank areas of a design. It provided a visual break in the composition. IT DOESN’T HAVE TO BE WHITE.
It allows the eye to rest and prevent the layout from feeling cluttered or overstimulating. Spreads with a lot of white space have a minimal formal appeal, which makes them visually appealing and easy to read. Elements surrounded by white space are emphasised.
62
How to analyse white space?
Does the white space bleed across the page?
Does it make the page look less cluttered?
Does it draw the readers eye to important information?
Does it create balance, emphasis or rhythm?
63
What is grid structure?
It is a series of evenly spaced horizontal and vertical lines to organise content. They work as framework for organising elements and establishing a consistent structure on the page.
It can save time and effort in the design process as it makes it easy to organise elements. It also helps to guyed the readers eye through the spread, which improves the readability and overall effectiveness of the design.
64
How to analyse grid structure?
Are their columns or tables on the page to seperate information?
Is information seperated horizontally or vertically?
Does the grid look consistent to create visual harmony?
Does it make the information easier to read?
65
What’s a single page format?
It is a document that consists of one page. This could be a poster or a billboard or a flyer.
66
What’s a multi page format?
It is a document which consists of multiple pages.
67
Common paper sizing.
A4 is half the size of A3 and so on.
68
What is page orientation?
Portrait (vertical) or landscape (horizontal)
69
What’s a grid?
It is a tool used to help align elements and create consistency in a layout - organised structure.
A grid is a series of evenly spaced horizontal and vertical lines that serve as a dream work for aligning elements. The “snap to grid” feature enraged that objects cannot move freely across the page and instead snap to the page which created an organised layout which is evenly spaced.
70
What are guidelines?
They are lined set by designers to help align elements. They can be used to help map out the page and create space for columns, gutters and other areas. The “snap to guidelines” command also increases accuracy and saves time when making a design.
71
What are layers in desktop publishing?
They refer to the different levels in a design which can be manipulated independently of one another. They allows the designer to organise and structure their ideas. They can seperate elements making it easier to edit and adjust each elements individually.
72
What are advantages of using layers?
Text and images can be edited separately.
Layers can be turned on and off to improve clarity during the production of the layout.
The layers can be edited without effecting other elements on the page.
73
What’s a master page layout?
It is a non printing page that can be used as a template for the rest of the pages in a Document.
74
What is the ‘cut’ command?
It removes selected text or an object from its original location and places it on a clipboard to be placed elsewhere.
75
What is the ‘copy’ command?
It duplicated selected text or objects to the clipboard to be placed elsewhere.
76
What is the ‘paste’ command?
It inserts the content that is currently stored on the clipboard into another document.
77
What is the ‘import’ function?
It allows you to bring data from an external source into a software program.
78
What is the ‘export’ function?
It allows you to save or export the content of a document in a different location.
79
What is page layout?
Page layout varies for different spreads. There are several areas that are key to creating good visual impact.
80
What is a text box?
It is used to place text on the spread. They are useful as it allows designers to have accurate placing on a spread and the creation of columns or pull quotes.
81
What is extended text?
It is sometimes referred to as body text, and it is text larger than a few words which makes up the main article of the spread.
82
What is a title?
It should grab the attention of the reader and encourage the reader to stop and engage with the design. They are often at the top of the spread but can be anywhere.
83
Why is typeface important?
They have a huge impact on visual impact and the readability of a spread. The chosen typeface should suit the article and suit the target market. Typefaces can contrast.
84
What is serif text?
They have a small stroke attached to the end of letters. They are easier to read than sans serif fonts when printed.
85
What is sans serif text?
These fonts don’t have the small stroke at the ends of letters. They are viewed as modern and easier to read on screens.
86
What is script text?
It is influenced by handwriting. They are often formal and decorated with flourishes.
87
What is text justification?
It is the allignment of text.
Left/right justified - spacing is even between words. It leave a ragged edge on the right/left side. Works well for languages that read to the right.
Centre justified - spacing is even between words. Difficult to read a large paragraph of text as it has rough edges on both sides.
Fully justified - allignment on both sides creates clean edges on columns. The strong rectangle shape created can add structure to a page. Spacing between words varies which can make it more difficult to read.
88
What is line spacing (leading) ?
It is the amount of space between lines of a document. If the space is too large, the text will be too separates and the spread will look empty. If it is too small, the text will be difficult to read as it is too close together.
89
What’s a drop capital?
It is often used in publications and books. The first letter is enlarged to identify the start of an article snd guide the readers eye to extended text.
The contrast in text size creates emphasis.
To lead the readers eye to the start of the text.
The colour of the drop cap can create unity or contrast in a spread.
90
What’s indented text?
It is text that has been moved to the right or left of the margins creating a visual pause on the text and the surrounding content. It is often used at the beginning of a paragraph to seperate it from the preceding text.
91
What is a hanging indent?
It is a type of indent where all the lines of a paragraph are indented except the first line. They are often used in lists to align text with bullet points. The format makes the text easier to read and provided a clear visual structure of the content.
92
What’s a pull quote?
It is a small section of a magazine which is sampled and enlarged. This is set onto the layout as a way of attracting interest to the article. It is often in bold, italics reverse to make it contrast with the extended text.
It gives the reader a quick preview of the content of the article.
Created depth by layering the text box over the background image.
Unity can be created when the colour fill of the text box is used elsewhere on the spread.
93
What is the column rule?
It is a line that sits in the gutter dividing the columns of text. It makes the main extended text easier to read as it seperates the columns clearly. The rule can be colours to create unity or contrast.
94
What is placeholder text, and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
It mimics the word length and spacing of readable English to show where text should be.
ADVANTAGES
It speeds up the process of creating layouts as the graphic artists doesn’t need to manually type the required text.
Allows the graphic artists to consider the placement of the text without being distracted by the readable content of the page.
Allows the graphic designer to consider the side and how much space the text would need.
DISADVANTAGES
The design is not fully communicated.
Text side may need to change to accommodate final volume of extended text.
95
96
What is reverse?
It is when white text is placed on a dark background. It creates high level of contrast which makes the text stand out to a reader. It is effective in headlines and subheadings, also other important information. It can also look modern and stylish in a design, which creates visual interest.
97
What is a caption?
A caption is the text beneath a graphic that describes it.
98
What is text wrap?
It is where extended text wraps around a picture. It creates an interesting visual for the reader.
99
What is flow text along a path?
It allows designers to create interesting shapes with texts. It also lets text flow around a shape.
100
What is cropping?
It is when you remove distracting elements form an image to create a more visually appealing composition. It can also be used to adjust the aspect ratio of an image to fit it in a design.
101
What is square cropping?
It is where an image is made narrower and shorter but still has some background remaining.
It allows the designer to frame a specific area of the image or focus on the subject of the image.
It allows you to remove unwanted areas from the image.
It allows the image to fit in the available space.
102
What is full cropping?
It when the whole background has been removed. The focal point is cut out of an image and tend to have more organic shapes. They can be placed in different background or have text wrapped around them.
Designers are able to apply their own background.
Designers can remove clutter
They can create an irregular outline.
103
What is a handle?
They are small boxes that appear around an element when it is clicked on which allow a designer to manipulate their size.
104
What is proportion when manipulating images?
Designers need to keep the correct proportion when manipulating an image and not distort is too much horizontally or vertically.
105
What is rotation of an element?
It allows an element to sit at an angle. This can improve visual impact and bring an element out of alignment.
106
What is colour picking?
It is vital when creating unified spreads. The colour picking tool allows a designer to take colours which have already been used in the composition and repeat them or allows consistency of a colour across a spread.
107
What is a texture fill?
They are used to add realism to an element or a spread. Abstract textures can create depth.
108
What is transparency?
It can be applied to colour fills in a layout. It helps to create depth through a layout. Gradient is a common application of transparency.
It gives a sense of depth.
It can draw attention to specific elements on a page.
It allows images to still be seen through coloured shapes.
109
110
What is a drop shadow?
It adds dimension and depth to text or an object/image. It makes elements look three dimensional and give them a more professional appearance. They can also be used to add visual interest and draw attention to specific elements in a design. The size, opacity, distance and direction can be edited for the shadow.
111
What is a stock image?
They are pre made photos which are available for purchase for use in various DTP projects. By using these images, companies can sage time and resources that would have been spent on getting their own images.
A company may choose to take their own photographs because there will be no purchasing costs, the company is not restricted by the available stock images, and there will be no issues concerning copyright of an image.
112
What is a watermark?
They are added to photographs by photographers who don’t want their high quality images to be stolen.
It means the protection of the intellectual property of the company.
It can also act as an advertisement for the company as it contains their logo and brand identity which can lead to future business.
It can stop others from selling or passing the images as their own.
113
What is a pre-proof?
It is a vital step in the printing process as it represents the final version of the publication that will be printed. They are thoroughly reviewed before printing to maintain accuracy and avoid any mistakes. To ensure the highest level of quality it is essential for those reviewing it to keep an eye for detail.
114
What is a registration mark?
They ensure accurate alignment and registration of the colours (CMYK) in a print document. It is placed on the bleed area of a document which will be cropped before distribution. If the registration marks shows multiple colours, it is a visual indicator to the print staff that adjustments need to be made.
115
What is a crop mark?
They are thin lines placed at the corners of each page that indicate where a document will be cut. They are crucial if you are printing a bleed.
116
What is a bleed?
It is a critical process that helper to ensure that ink extends beyond a page. This allows printed designed to be trimmed to the desired size without any white margins appearing on the final product. Images that extend beyond the page will be trimmed off in the bleed, where the crop marks have indicated.
117
What is a raster graphic
It is digital images made up of tiny coloured pixels. They are arranged in a grid like pattern to create detail images. The quality of a raster is proportional to the ppi.
When there is more pixels, the image is more detailed and sharp.
E.g tiff, jpg, png, bmp
118
What are advantages of a raster graphic?
They can be opened in a common software.
They can be edited using common photo editing programs.
119
What the disadvantages of raster graphics?
Images can become pixelated when scaled.
Can be less suited for high quality print material, such as large print projects.
120
What is a vector graphic?
They are made up of mathematically defined shapes, lines and curves. They are highly accurate and scalable without losing quality. They can be easily edited and resized which makes them important for logos, and graphics for print.
121
What are advantages of vector graphics?
Smaller file size than raster graphics.
They can be scaled without pixelation or lack of sharpness.
122
What are disadvantages of vector graphics?
The software that edits these types of graphics can be expensive.
They are unsuitable for photorealistic images.
123
What are orphans/widows?
An orphan is the first line of a paragraph left by itself at the bottom of a page.
A widow is the last line of a paragraph left by itself at the top of a page.
124
What is kerning?
The spacing between the individual characters of text.
125
What is an ascender/ descender?
The part of a lower case letter that rises above the main text height or below.
126
What is a running headline?
A running headline is a header that appears on each page. If gan he referred to as a running header.
They often contain the title of the book or the chapter or the name of the magazine.
127
What is a CMYK colour pallette?
It stands for cyan, magenta, yellow, key. It is used when a document is going to be printed. The colours must be aligned properly otherwise the images will appear distorted.
128
What is a RGB colour palette?
It stands for red, blue, green. It is used on on screen document.
129
130
What is an accent colour?
