design movements Flashcards
what are the characteristics of streamlining?
smooth teardrop shape, futuristic design, designed to reduce drag/resistance, increase speed + efficiency
what influenced the streamlining movement?
- aerodynamics derived from the advancing technologies in aviation and high speed transportation
- period of new materials and mass production
who was a significant person in the streamlining design movement?
Raymond Loewy
what was Raymond Loewy referred to as?
father of industrial design
what did Raymond Loewy design and who for?
- interior living spaces for NASA
- cars, trains
- for Shell and BP
what group formed within post modernism?
Memphis group
who was the founder of the memphis group?
ettore sottsass
what were the characteristics of the memphis group? but, what was a negative?
- vibrant, eccentric and ornamental
- it was ‘fad’ so quickly came to an end
what is the philosophy behind the post modernism design movement?
began with architecture as a reaction against the perceived blandness and hostility of modernist architecture
what are the characteristics of the post modernism movement?
humour and personality, ‘retro’ design, deconstruction
who was a significant designer in the post modernism movement?
Philippe Starck
what did Philippe Starck design?
mouse for Microsoft
what is the philosophy of the art deco design movement?
- reaction to post war austerity
when did art deco emerge?
in France in the 1920s
what are the characteristics of art deco?
machine age (man made materials), geometric forms, primitive arts (ancient Egyptian), decadent, modern
who was a significant designer in art deco?
eileen gray
what did eileen gray design / do as a career(s)?
painter
lacquer work
furniture designer
interior decorator
architecture
where was eileen gray born?
Ireland
what is the influences of the art deco design movement?
- reflected widening needs of the contemporary world
- opulent, lavish style in response to human need for pleasure and escape
what are the influences of the post modernism design movement?
- Memphis group
- expressive and individual
what is the philosophy of the streamlining design movement?
- shaping an object to reduce the amount of drag / resistance
- consumerism and style
- celebrating speed and efficiency
- widened consumer choice
what is the philosophy of the modernism design movement?
- ‘machine aesthetic’ of new technology and modern materials
- Bauhaus: school with Gropius appointed head of new institute following WWI (designed to develop new trained and multi-disciplined work with industry; later disbanded due to WWII)
- functionalism
what are the influences of the modernism design movement?
- buildings should function as ‘machines for living in’ where architecture is treated as mass production (resulted in high rise flats with repetitive ‘cubes’)
- less is more: minimalism, open plan living spaces
what is the style of the modernism design movement?
- form follows function
- simple, geometrically pure forms and clean lines
- everyday objects for everyday people (consumer goods that were functional, cheap and easily mass produced)
- reject decorative detail
designer in the modernism design movement?
Marcel Breuer - stressed the combination of arts and technology
what did Marcel Breuer design?
Wassily chair - revolutionary use of materials and methods of manufacturing (steel tubing)
what is the philosophy of art nouveau?
- underlying principle of the concept of unity and harmony
- decoration and architecture
- name derives from interior design gallery opened in Paris
influences of art nouveau?
- forms a bridge between arts and crafts and modernism
- appreciated benefits of mass production but also new materials
what is the style of art nouveau like?
- nature e.g sinuous, elongated, stylised flowers
- the female form
- other cultures e.g artefacts of Japan
example of an art nouveau designer?
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
what are examples of Charles Rennie Mackintosh’s work?
- WindyHill
- The Hill House
- incorporated strong right angles and floral inspired decorative motifs with subtle curves
what is the philosophy of arts and crafts design movement?
- reaction against industrialisation
- wanted to incorporate traditional craftsmanship and the lives of the ordinary working class
- against mass produced items
what are the influences of the arts and crafts design movement?
- traditional craftsmanship including weaving, carpentry and stained glass
- ‘cottage’ industry
- empowers the individual as a designer
what are the styles of the arts and crafts design movement?
- simplicity
- nature
- colour and texture
- natural forms and materials
- splendour (unusual materials and precious metals)
example of an arts and crafts designer?
William Morris
what influenced William Morris’ designs?
his strong socialist beliefs
where are arts and crafts designs reflected in the present day?
prints still in production - influenced the design style of Laura Ashley
