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design and technology > composites and modern/smart materials > Flashcards

composites and modern/smart materials Flashcards

1
Q

what is a composite?

A

two or more materials are combined together by some kind of bonding to enhance mechanical, functional and aesthetic properties.

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2
Q

what is fibre cement used for?

A

cladding / roofing

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3
Q

what are the advantages of fibre cement?

A

durable, lightweight, smooth finish, noise insulator

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4
Q

what is GRP?

A

glass reinforced plastic - also known as fibreglass

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5
Q

what are the advantages of GRP?

A

high compressive / tensile strength, lightweight

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6
Q

what is CFRP?

A

carbon fibre reinforced plastic

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7
Q

what is CFRP used for?

A

racing cars, bike frames

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8
Q

what are the advantages of CFRP?

A

lightweight, corrosion and chemical resistant

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9
Q

what composite is woven into fabric?

A

carbon fibres

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10
Q

what three properties do composites enhance?

A

physical, mechanical and working

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11
Q

what is tungsten carbide made from?

A

ceramic and metal (cermet)

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12
Q

what is tungsten carbide used for?

A

surgical instruments, drill bits, kitchen knives

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13
Q

what are the advantages of tungsten carbide?

A

extremely hard, rigid and impact resistant

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14
Q

what is concrete made up of?

A

air (6%), cement (10%), water (18%), sand (25%), gravel (41%)

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15
Q

what is steel reinforced concrete used for?

A

high rise building, bridges

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16
Q

what is a disadvantage of steel reinforced concrete?

A

it can be broken by strong weather

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17
Q

what is a modern material?

A

a material that has been developed by engineers and scientists through research and experimentation

18
Q

what is kevlar used for?

A

bulletproof vests, high performance vehicles

19
Q

what is polymorph an example of? what is it’s application?

A

modern material (thermoplastic that is malleable at low temperatures)

gum shields

20
Q

what is precious metal clay used for?

A

jewellery

21
Q

what are the pros of using precious metal clay?

A

easy and quick to work with and can be fired in a kiln

22
Q

what is high density modelling foam an example of?

A

modern material

23
Q

what is high density modelling foam used for?

A

moulds for vacuum forming and casting metals at low temperatures

24
Q

what is a smart material?

A

they have one or more property that can be dramatically altered by external stimulus

25
Q

what is an application of shape memory alloy?

A

glasses frames

26
Q

what is a shape memory alloy?

A

a smart material that can be bent out of shape and will return to its programmed shape at a given temperature (activation temperature which stimulates reforming)

to initially shape, it must be heated above the transformation temperature

27
Q

what is thermochromic pigment?

A

it changes colour or opacity with a change in temperature

28
Q

what is phosphorescent pigment?

A

glow in the dark (responds to light)

29
Q

what is photochromic pigment?

A

a smart material that changes colour or opacity with the level of ultraviolet light in a reversible reaction

30
Q

what is electroluminescent wire?

A

material made from copper wire coated in phosphor which glows when an alternating current is applied to it

31
Q

what are piezoelectric materials?

A

they convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa

32
Q

which smart material converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa?

A

piezoelectric materials

33
Q

which smart material is made from copper wire coated in phosphor which glows when an alternating current is applied to it?

A

electroluminescent wire

34
Q

which smart material reacts to levels of ultraviolet light?

A

photochromic pigment

35
Q

which smart material is referred to as ‘glow in the dark’?

A

phosphorescent pigment

36
Q

which smart material changes colour / opacity with a change in temperature?

A

thermochromic pigment

37
Q

which smart material is ‘programmed’ to remember a specific shape?

A

shape memory alloys

38
Q

what is quantum tunnelling composite?

A

when in a relaxed state, it is an electrical insulator but when compressed, stretched or twisted, it becomes an electrical conductor

39
Q

what is aluminium composite board?

A

combines a polymer core faced with a thin sheet of aluminium

40
Q

positives of aluminium composite board?

A
  • available in a wide range of colours and finishes
  • won’t expand / contract in extreme weather
  • doesn’t warp / wrinkle over time
41
Q

what is an advantage of using high density modelling foam?

A
  • rigid
  • lightweight
  • strong material

design and technology (8 decks)

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