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Research Methods > Descriptive statistics > Flashcards

Descriptive statistics Flashcards

1
Q

What describes central tenancy?

A

Mean, median, mode

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2
Q

What are quantiles?

A

The cut off points dividing sections of data

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3
Q

What are quartiles

A

When there are 4 quantiles

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4
Q

What are percentiles?

A

When there are 100 quantiles

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5
Q

What is variance?

A

the measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set

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6
Q

What is standard deviation?

A

the standard distance from the mean

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7
Q

What is Z-score?

A

A ratio that describes distance from the mean when given SD

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8
Q

How is Z-score calculated?

A

(actual value - mean)/ SD

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9
Q

What is skewness?

A

measures the degree of asymmetry

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10
Q

What is kurtosis?

A

measures the sharpness

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11
Q

Directions of positive and negative skew

A

postive = to the right
negative = to the left

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12
Q

What can cause outliers?

A
  • Inaccuracies in data processing
  • Problems with methodology
  • An actual extreme value due to an unusual participant.
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13
Q

What is inter quartile range?

A

the width between the 1st and 3rd quartile.

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14
Q

How can the inter quartile range detect outliers?

A

It is an outlier is the value is greater than 1.5 IQR above the 3rd quartile, or smaller than 1.5 IQR below the 1st quartile

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15
Q

What is binomial distribution?

A

the discrete probabilistic distribution of the number of events occurring

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16
Q

What is cumulative probability?

A

the probability that a value falls into a certain range. E.g. if you toss a coin 100 times, what is the probability of tossing heads less than 40 times?

17
Q

How is binomial distribution computed?

A

By pascal’s triangle or binomial tables

18
Q

What is two-tailed probability?

A

The cumulative probability from both ends of a set of data

19
Q

What is discrete distribution?

A

a probability distribution where the random variable can only take on a finite or countable number of values e.g binomial distribution

20
Q

What is continuous probability distribution?

A

probability when a continuous random variable X can take on any value within a given range of values ‒ which can be infinite, and therefore uncountable

Research Methods (15 decks)

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