Describe the pathophysiology and manifestations of kidney stones

Question 1

Pathophysiology: Supersaturation of one or more salts

Answer 1

too much salt and not enough water

Question 2

Pathophysiology: Precipitation of a salt from liquid to solid state

Answer 2

alkaline urinary pH increases the risk of calcium phosphate stone formation. Acidic urinary pH increases the risk of uric stone acid formation. Maybe the more hot you are, the more concentrated because of more salt and not enough water?

Question 3

Pathophysiology: Growth into a stone via crystallization or aggregation

Answer 3

if you consume a lot of salt and you don’t drink a lot of water, the likelihood of forming stones is high.

Question 4

Manifestations: renal colic

Answer 4

moderate to severe pain often originating in the flank and radiating to the groin and usually indicates obstruction of the renal pelvis or proximal ureter. Colic that radiates to lower flank or lower abdomen – obstruction in midureter. Bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (urgency, frequent voiding, urge incontinence) indicate obstruction of the lower ureter or ureterovesical junction.