Dermis, Skin glands, and Appendages

Question 1

What is the dermis made up of?

Answer 1

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 2

What does the dermis contain?

Answer 2

nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands, and hair follicles

Question 3

What is the boundary between the epidermis and the dermis?

Answer 3

a wavy layer called the dermal papillae. This irregular surface is the cause of your fingerprints. They let us pick up objects easily

Question 4

What are the layers of the dermis?

Answer 4

Papillary layer and reticular layer

Question 5

Papillary layer

Answer 5

Made up of loose connective tissue

Above the R.L

Question 6

Reticular layer

Answer 6

Made up of bundles of collagen fibers

Below the P.L

Question 7

What does the arrangement of collagen fibers cause?

Answer 7

The arrangement of the collagen fibers cause lines of cleavage or lines of tension

Question 8

Why are the lines of cleavage important for surgeons?

and where should the cuts be made?

Answer 8

To determine where incisions should be made

cuts should be made parallel to the lines of cleavage for quick healing

Question 9

What causes the skin to appear red during exercise?

and why does it happen?

Answer 9

Blood vessels dilate causing the skin to turn red during exercise

It happens to allow heat from blood to dissipate which cools the body

Question 10

What is the hypodermis also known as?

Answer 10

The subcutaneous layer

Question 11

What is the hypodermis?

Answer 11

Not actually a part of the skin. It is composed of loose, fatty connective tissue that connects the skin to muscle or bone. It also insulates and stores nutrients.

Question 12

Is sudoriferous glands sweat or oil glands?

Answer 12

sweat

they are long tubes that release sweat
-deep in reticular layer of dermis

Question 13

Is sebaceous glands sweat or oil glands?

Answer 13

oil

Question 14

What are the 2 types of sudoriferous glands?

Answer 14

Eccrine and Apocrine

Question 15

Eccrine

Answer 15

Abundant and often found on palms, soles of feet and forehead. NO ODOR

Type of sweat glands

Question 16

Apocrine

Answer 16

Found in armpit and genital areas. HAS ODOR

-increases during puberty to attract a mate

-when bacteria breaks down fat and protein it causes odor

Question 17

What is sweat made up of?

Answer 17

99% water, salts, vitamins, wastes and antimicrobial peptide called dermcidin.

Sweat is generally acidic

Question 18

Tell me about sebaceous glands

Answer 18

They produce sebum (oil)
-Since sebum is usually secreted onto hair, there are more oil glands on scalp and face and NONE on palms or soles of feet

Function:
Lubricates skin and hair, kills outside bacteria, waterproofs hair

Question 19

What are the functions of head, body, eyelashes and nose hair?

Answer 19

Head: Keeps in heat and protects us from sun

Body: alerts us to insects

Eyelashes: protects the eyes

Nose hair: prevents the entry of foreign objects

Question 20

What are the 4 basic parts of a nail?

Answer 20

Free edge, body, root, nail bed

Question 21

What is hair made up of?

Answer 21

Hard Keratin

Question 22

What is hair made up of?

Answer 22

Hard Keratin

Question 23

What is the shaft?

Answer 23

Part of the hair that sticks out of the skin

Where keratinization is complete

Protected by the cuticle

Question 24

What is the root?

Answer 24

Where keratinization is still ongoing

Question 25

Where is the hair follicle
(root) located?

Answer 25

Within the dermis

Question 26

What is the hair bulb?

Answer 26

Where the hairs cells divide. These cells continually push out as new cells are formed

Question 27

What is the nail body?

Answer 27

The nail produces heavily keratinized cells, which become the nail body

Question 28

What is the Lunula?

Answer 28

The little moon on your nail, it is whiter due to the thickness of the nail

Question 29

What is the function of the eponychium (cuticle)?

Answer 29

Provides a protective seal or barrier for the nail matrix

Question 30

Where do nails grow from?

Answer 30

Nails grow from the nail matrix

Question 31

What are the skin appendages?

Answer 31

hair, hair follicles, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

Each play a unique role in maintaining homeostasis

Question 32

How do appendages form?

Answer 32

Through the formation of an epithelial bud. Needs a reduced production of cell adhesion factor. Once cell-to-cell attractions are broken, cells can move and arrange themselves causing a bud

Question 33

What are the hairs 3 concentric layers?

Answer 33

Medulla: only part with soft keratin
Cortex: consists of several flatten cells
Cuticle: formed from a single layer of cells overlapping each other. Hair conditioners smooth out the rough surface of the cuticle to make hair look shiny. Most heavily keratinized part of hair.

Question 34

Meissner’s cell

Answer 34

-In papillary layer of dermis

-covered nerves
-picked up light touch and other low frequency vibrations

Question 35

Fibroblast

Answer 35

-In papillary layer of dermis

-helps form connective tissue

Question 36

Merkel’s cell

Answer 36

-In basale layer of epidermis

“free” nerve endings
-pick up light touch and other low frequency vibrations

Question 37

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 37

-Deep in the reticular layer of dermis

-Sense pressure and other High frequency vibrations
-Responsible for proprioception (the ability to how where and how your body is in space without thinking about it)

Question 38

Where does hair emerge out of?

Answer 38

The stratum corneum. The hair is dead

Question 39

Arrector pili muscle

Answer 39

Type of skeletal muscle
-helps hair stand up and insulates you

Question 40

Keratinocyte

Answer 40

?

Question 41

Keratinized cell

Answer 41

?