bone shapes and a bit more

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

Head, chest, ribs, vertebrae

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

Arms, legs, pelvic, hips, cervical, scapular

Question 3

Long bones

looks and function?

Answer 3

Bones that are longer than they are wide
-most leg bones are long bones
ex: humerus, tibula and fibula

provides strength and structure

Question 4

Short bones

looks and function?

examples?

Answer 4

Roughly cubed shaped
ex: talus, carpals, tarsal

Provides stability and movement

Question 5

Flat bone

looks and function?

examples?

Answer 5

Thin, flat, and a bit curved bones

ex: sternum, scapular, pelvic

Protect internal organs

Question 6

Irregular bone

looks and function?

examples?

Answer 6

Have complicated shapes that do not fit in with other categories

protect nerve tissue

ex: vertebrae, sacrum, temporal bone

Question 7

Functions of the bones

Answer 7

Support: Bearing the weight of the body
Protection: Encasing essential organs (rib cage protects heart and lungs)
Movement: Joints provide movement for bones
Storage: Storage of minerals to be released into blood-stream and storage of fat in yellow bone marrow
Manufacturing: Production of red and white blood cells from red bone marrow called Hematopoiesis

Question 8

Compact bone

Answer 8

External layer of the bone

smooth and solid

higher density, compact bone is able to resist bending and is strong

Lacunae, osteocyte, canaliculi, haversian canal, osteon is found there

-made up of column-shaped osteons

Question 9

Spongy bone

Answer 9

Internal to the compact bone

pore looking dots like a sponge
-the spaces help reduce the weight of the bone while maintaining strength

Found mainly in the epiphyses of long bones.
-Made up of branching bony plates- called trabeculae

Trabecula, osteocyte, endosteum, osteoblast, and marrow space is found there

Question 10

What are bones?

Answer 10

Bones are a solid matrix of living cells and fibers surrounded by calcium

Question 11

Bones are classified by their..

Answer 11

Shape

Question 12

Long bones have 2 basic regions..

Answer 12

Diaphysis- shaft, long part of bone
-consists of a the medullary cavity
Epiphyses- ends of bones

Question 13

What is the epiphyseal plate

Answer 13

A thin layer of cartilage between the Diaphysis and the Epiphyses of the long bone
-growth bone

Question 14

Articular cartilage

Answer 14

A portion of the epiphysis that articulates to form a joint with another bone is covered with a layer of cartilage
-Provides smooth movement of joints and cushion from shock (so bones do not hurt when you move)

Question 15

Where is the medullary cavity found?

Answer 15

In the diaphysis of the long bone
-the cavity is filled with yellow bone marrow

Question 16

How is our trabecular bones similar to the Eiffel tower?

Answer 16

When you run, our trabecular bones brace, that directs the force to the strongest part of your skeleton and prevents a bone from breaking.
-The creator of the Eiffel copied this bone who calculated the braces in the curves of our legs to direct any high force onto the strongest part which is the legs
-reason why it continues to stand

Question 17

you are a smartie

Answer 17

keep going girly

Question 18

What are the 5 cells that populate bone tissue?

Answer 18

osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone lining cells, and osteoclasts

Question 19

Osteogenic cells

Answer 19

active stem cells found in the periosteum and endosteum.

repair bone tissue

Question 20

Osteoblasts cell

Answer 20

Bone-building cells that secrete the bone matrix.

Question 21

Osteocyte cell

Answer 21

monitor and maintain bone matrix

-mature bone cells make up the majority of bone structure
-connected to the canaliculi

Question 22

Osteoclast cell

Answer 22

Breaks down bones to replace old bone tissue

Question 23

Sesamoid bone shape

looks and function?

examples?

Answer 23

Pea shaped bones

relieve tension in muscles

ex: patella, hallux popliteus

Question 24

Yellow Bone marrow

Answer 24

Mostly fat and serves as an energy source

Question 25

Metaphysis

Answer 25

Where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis and is where your epiphyseal plate is found

Question 26

Periosteum

Answer 26

surrounds the diaphysis of the bone
-it is a membrane made out of layers of fibers
-the fibrous layer of the periosteum contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels. The inner layer is referred to being Osteogenic. It also contains blood vessels and bone cells involved in bone growth. Where ligaments and tendons attach

Question 27

Endosteum

Answer 27

membrane lining the medullary cavity
Contains cells related to bone development and breakdown

Question 28

Bone marrow

Answer 28

The space within the medullary cavity filled with specialized soft connective tissue
-made up of mostly blood cells and fat cells. The marrow is yellow in the bone of an adult and red in young children

Question 29

Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 29

Specialized connective tissue connected to the periosteum

Question 30

Nutrient arteries

Answer 30

Enter the periosteum and bring proteins, minerals, carbohydrates and other essential materials required for bone growth

Question 31

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 31

Most common type of cartilage, found in the nose, ribs, trachea, and larynx

chondrocyte, lacunae, and matrix is found there

Question 32

Osteon

Answer 32

In long bone, responsible for the strength of the bone

Question 33

Where is red bone marrow in adults?
-what is there

Answer 33

It is found at the epiphyses in the spongy bone
-Where red blood cells are located

Question 34

Canaliculi

Answer 34

Connect all bone cells, allowing them to receive nutrients and remove waste

Question 35

What do bones start as?

Answer 35

They start as cartilage and then it hardens to become bone

Question 36

Osteoid (Organic)

Answer 36

35% osteoid (made up of ground substance and collagen
-Provides the flexibility and tensile strength required to keep bones from breaking
-lack of collagen =brittle bone

Question 37

Mineral Salts (Inorganic)

Answer 37

65% mineral salts
-provide bone strength and hardness

Question 38

Osteoporosis

Answer 38

Loss of bone mass which results in weak and brittle bones