bone shapes and a bit more Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Head, chest, ribs, vertebrae
Appendicular Skeleton
Arms, legs, pelvic, hips, cervical, scapular
Long bones
looks and function?
Bones that are longer than they are wide
-most leg bones are long bones
ex: humerus, tibula and fibula
provides strength and structure
Short bones
looks and function?
examples?
Roughly cubed shaped
ex: talus, carpals, tarsal
Provides stability and movement
Flat bone
looks and function?
examples?
Thin, flat, and a bit curved bones
ex: sternum, scapular, pelvic
Protect internal organs
Irregular bone
looks and function?
examples?
Have complicated shapes that do not fit in with other categories
protect nerve tissue
ex: vertebrae, sacrum, temporal bone
Functions of the bones
Support: Bearing the weight of the body
Protection: Encasing essential organs (rib cage protects heart and lungs)
Movement: Joints provide movement for bones
Storage: Storage of minerals to be released into blood-stream and storage of fat in yellow bone marrow
Manufacturing: Production of red and white blood cells from red bone marrow called Hematopoiesis
Compact bone
External layer of the bone
smooth and solid
higher density, compact bone is able to resist bending and is strong
Lacunae, osteocyte, canaliculi, haversian canal, osteon is found there
-made up of column-shaped osteons
Spongy bone
Internal to the compact bone
pore looking dots like a sponge
-the spaces help reduce the weight of the bone while maintaining strength
Found mainly in the epiphyses of long bones.
-Made up of branching bony plates- called trabeculae
Trabecula, osteocyte, endosteum, osteoblast, and marrow space is found there
What are bones?
Bones are a solid matrix of living cells and fibers surrounded by calcium
Bones are classified by their..
Shape
Long bones have 2 basic regions..
Diaphysis- shaft, long part of bone
-consists of a the medullary cavity
Epiphyses- ends of bones
What is the epiphyseal plate
A thin layer of cartilage between the Diaphysis and the Epiphyses of the long bone
-growth bone
Articular cartilage
A portion of the epiphysis that articulates to form a joint with another bone is covered with a layer of cartilage
-Provides smooth movement of joints and cushion from shock (so bones do not hurt when you move)
Where is the medullary cavity found?
In the diaphysis of the long bone
-the cavity is filled with yellow bone marrow
How is our trabecular bones similar to the Eiffel tower?
When you run, our trabecular bones brace, that directs the force to the strongest part of your skeleton and prevents a bone from breaking.
-The creator of the Eiffel copied this bone who calculated the braces in the curves of our legs to direct any high force onto the strongest part which is the legs
-reason why it continues to stand
you are a smartie
keep going girly
What are the 5 cells that populate bone tissue?
osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone lining cells, and osteoclasts
Osteogenic cells
active stem cells found in the periosteum and endosteum.
repair bone tissue
Osteoblasts cell
Bone-building cells that secrete the bone matrix.
Osteocyte cell
monitor and maintain bone matrix
-mature bone cells make up the majority of bone structure
-connected to the canaliculi
Osteoclast cell
Breaks down bones to replace old bone tissue
Sesamoid bone shape
looks and function?
examples?
Pea shaped bones
relieve tension in muscles
ex: patella, hallux popliteus
Yellow Bone marrow
Mostly fat and serves as an energy source
Metaphysis
Where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis and is where your epiphyseal plate is found
Periosteum
surrounds the diaphysis of the bone
-it is a membrane made out of layers of fibers
-the fibrous layer of the periosteum contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels. The inner layer is referred to being Osteogenic. It also contains blood vessels and bone cells involved in bone growth. Where ligaments and tendons attach
Endosteum
membrane lining the medullary cavity
Contains cells related to bone development and breakdown
Bone marrow
The space within the medullary cavity filled with specialized soft connective tissue
-made up of mostly blood cells and fat cells. The marrow is yellow in the bone of an adult and red in young children
Sharpey’s fibers
Specialized connective tissue connected to the periosteum
Nutrient arteries
Enter the periosteum and bring proteins, minerals, carbohydrates and other essential materials required for bone growth
Hyaline cartilage
Most common type of cartilage, found in the nose, ribs, trachea, and larynx
chondrocyte, lacunae, and matrix is found there
Osteon
In long bone, responsible for the strength of the bone
Where is red bone marrow in adults?
-what is there
It is found at the epiphyses in the spongy bone
-Where red blood cells are located
Canaliculi
Connect all bone cells, allowing them to receive nutrients and remove waste
What do bones start as?
They start as cartilage and then it hardens to become bone
Osteoid (Organic)
35% osteoid (made up of ground substance and collagen
-Provides the flexibility and tensile strength required to keep bones from breaking
-lack of collagen =brittle bone
Mineral Salts (Inorganic)
65% mineral salts
-provide bone strength and hardness
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone mass which results in weak and brittle bones
