Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Pharmacology II > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer/hypodermis good for?

A

Good place for storage of fat

Potential reservoir for drugs given SQ that allows the drug to slowly be released over time = insulin, growth hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do drugs get absorbed in integumentary system?

A

1) Must penetrate epidermis/dermis/hair follicles to enter dermis
2) Enter bloodstream from the dermis to circulate around the body
3) Primarily occurs through passive diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the composition and benefits of Lotions?

A

Mostly water; some oil

Absorbs quickly; spreads easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the composition and benefits of creams?

A

Half oil; half water

Spreads easily; moderately hydrating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the composition and benefits of ointments?

A

Mostly oil; some water

Used for occlusive benefit; preferred for dry/cracked skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What factors effect drug absorption?

A 
Drug solubility
Drug concentration
Duration of contact
Physical skin condition
Molecular weight of drug
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What must medications pass trough in order for drug absorption to occur?

A

Epidermis and reach dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the determinants of acne?

A

Androgens
Presence of bacteria P. acnes
Fatty acids in oil glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the DOC for acne?

A

Retinoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are topical retinoids?

A

Vitamin A derivatives

avoid using too much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is benzoyl peroxide?

A

Common OTC cleansers/creams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the side effects of benzoyl peroxide?

A

Dry skin
Photosensitivity
Orange hue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Salicylic acid?

A

Keratolytic

Common OTC cleansers; facial pads

Concern if these are added to retinoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is isotretinoin?

A

Systemic retinoid

Decreases oil production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the ADRs of isotretinoin?

A 
Dry skin
Photosensitivity 
Arthralgias
Lipid and sugar dysregulation
Agitation and mood swings
Teratogenic/Category X = ipledge program
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drugs are used in acne therapy?

A 
Topical retinoids
Benzoyl peroxide
Salicylic acid
Azelaic acid
Isotretinoin
Antibiotics
Androgen related = oral contraceptives; spironolactone
17
Q

What are antibiotics used for in acne treatment?

A

Oral and systemic

Inhibits growth of the P. acnes bacteria

18
Q

What is Eczema?

A

Most common in young children and infants; can occur at any age

Presents as itchy/red/sore skin rashes which become crusted/scaly; blisters may also develop

Common locations are the insides of the elbows, back of the knees, cheeks of the face, behind the ears, and hands and feet

19
Q

What is essential in treatment of Eczema?

A

Hydration, in order to reduce disease severity and outbreaks

20
Q

What are the treatment options for Eczema?

A

Antihistamines
Topical/systemic Steroids
Topical/systemic immune supressants (tacrolimus)

21
Q

What is the DOC for eczema?

A

Topical steroids

22
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Chronic, autoimmune disorder that manifests on the skin

Plaque psoriasis is most common type and appears as raised, red patches covered with a silvery white build of dead skin cells

23
Q

What are the three treatments strategies for Psoriasis?

A

Topical treatments = steroids, retinoids, Vitamin D analogs

Systemic medications = biologics and steroids

Light therapy

24
Q

What is the DOC for psoriasis treatment?

A

Steroids

25
Q

What is bacitracin?

A

Peptide antibiotic against Gram + organisms streptococci and staphylococci

Commonly found in “triple antibiotic ointment”

26
Q

What is neosporin?

A

Neomycin
Polymixin B
Bacitracin

27
Q

What is Mupirocin?

A

Prescription cream/ointment similar to bacitracin

Has MRSA coverage

Often given intranasally to eradicate nasal colonization of MRSA in adults and healthcare workers

28
Q

What are the three classes of chemical compounds most commonly used in sunscreens?

A

Benzophenones
Dibenzoylmethanes
PABA + its esters

29
Q

What is UVB?

A

the sunburn radiation

Major offender for burning and skin cancer

30
Q

What is UVA?

A

Suppression of immune system and DNA damage

Skin cancer; also augment the carcinogenic potential of UVB

31
Q

What is Sun Protection Factor (SPF)?

A

Measures how long it takes to burn versus not using sunscreen

Measures UVB only

32
Q

What is the key to SPF?

A

the SPF scale is not linear so anything over 30 really isnt’ giving you much more coverage from 30 and is also most likely only covering UVB/isn’t broad spectrum

SPF 15 blocks 93% of UVB rays
SPF 30 blocks 97% of UVB rays
SPF 50 blocks 98% of UVB rays

33
Q

What is important in application of sunscreens?

A

All sunscreens wash off easily

Important to reapply after going in water and at least every 2 hours

34
Q

What does water resistant mean?

A

Resistant for 40-80 minutes

35
Q

What are the guidelines for terminology on sunscreens?

A

Waterproof or sweatproof can no longer be labeled on bottles

Sublock, Instant protection, and protects for more than 2 hours all require FDA approval in order to have these labels on the bottle

36
Q

What is broad spectrum coverage of sunscreen?

A

Protects against UVB and UVA

Clinical Pharmacology II (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions