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Clinical Pharmacology II > Antiprotozoans > Flashcards

Antiprotozoans Flashcards

1
Q

What is Amebiasis caused by?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of Amebiasis?

A

Diarrhea
Abdominal Pain
Weight loss

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3
Q

What drugs are used to treat Amebiasis?

A

Iodoquinol
Paromomycin
Metronidazole
Tinidazole

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4
Q

What is the MOA of Iodoquinol?

A

chelates iron needed for aembia

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5
Q

What are the ADRs of Iodoquinol?

A 
Rash
Acne
Thyroid Enlargement
Nausea/Vomiting
Diarrhea
Vision Loss
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6
Q

What is the MOA of Paromomycin?

A

Irreversibly binds to 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis

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7
Q

What is Paromomycin?

A

Aminoglycoside

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8
Q

What are the ADRs of Paromomycin?

A

Nausea
Cramps
Diarrhea

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9
Q

What is the MOA of Tinidazole?

A

interact with DNA to cause strand breakage

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10
Q

What are the ADRs of Tinidazole?

A

metallic taste
Stomatitis
Dyspepsia
Peripheral Neuropathy

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11
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Tinidazole?

A

liver

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12
Q

What is Cryptosporidiosis caused by?

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis?

A 
Diarrhea
Abdominal Cramps
Anorexia
Low-grade fever
Nausea
Vomiting
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14
Q

What drug is used to treat Cryptopsoridiosis?

A

Nitazoxanidine

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Nitazoxanide?

A

Disrupting protozoal energy metabolism by blocking electron transfer mediated by pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase

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16
Q

What are the ADRs of Nitazoxanide?

A 
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Headache
Yellowing of the eyes
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17
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Nitazoxanide?

A

liver

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18
Q

What is Giardiasis caused by?

A

Giardia Lamblia

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19
Q

What spreads Giardia Lamblia?

A

contaminated drinking water

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of Giardiasis?

A 
Malaise
heartburn
Vomiting
Colicky pain after eating
Belching
Flatulence
Diarrhea
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21
Q

Where does Giardiasis effect?

A

the small intestine

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22
Q

What are the drugs used to treat Giardiasis?

A

Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Nitazoxanide

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23
Q

What is used to treat Leishmaniasis?

A

Sodium Stibugluconate

24
Q

What are the ADRs of Sodium Stibugluconate?

A

Muscle Pain
Joint Stiffness
Bradycardia

25
Q

What must you monitor with Sodium Stibugluconate?

26
Q

What is toxoplasmosis caused by?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

27
Q

How is the toxoplasmosis infection acquired?

A

through eating undercooked meat

28
Q

What symptoms can you get from toxoplasmosis if you are immunocompromised?

A

Retina and encephalitis

29
Q

What symptoms can you get from toxoplasmosis if you are immunocompetent?

A

Asymptomatic

30
Q

What drugs do you use to treat toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine
Sulfadiazine
Clindamycin
Atovaquone

31
Q

What is the MOA of Pyrimethamine?

A

Folic acid antagonist

32
Q

What are the ADRs of Pyrimethamine?

A

Nausea/Vomiting
Glossitis
Bone Marrow Suppression

33
Q

What patients should you avoid using Pyrimethamine in?

A

those with anemia due to folic acid deficiency

34
Q

What should you monitor with Pyrimethamine?

35
Q

What do you dose adjust for with Pyrimethamine?

36
Q

What is the MOA of Sulfadiazine?

A

inhibits dihydropteroate synthase which inhibits the production of folic acid, necessary to make DNA

37
Q

What are the ADRs of Sulfadiazine?

A

Nausea/Vomiting

38
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Sulfadiazine?

39
Q

What is Trichomoniasis caused by?

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

40
Q

What are the drugs of choice to treat Trichomoniasis?

A

Metronidazole

Tinidazole

41
Q

What are the ADRs of Nifurtimox?

A 
Nausea/Vomiting
Peripheral Neuropathy
Weight loss
Memory loss
Insomnia
Vertigo
Headache
42
Q

What must you monitor with Nifurtimox?

43
Q

What must you adjust for with Nifurtimox?

44
Q

What is the MOA of pentamidine?

A

disrupting synthesis of DNA, RNA, and Phospholipids

45
Q

What are the ADRs of Pentamidine?

A 
Hypotension
Hypo/Hyperglycemia
Necrosis at site of IM injection
Leukopenia
AKI
Dysrhythmias
46
Q

What must you monitor with Pentamidine?

47
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Pentamidine?

48
Q

What is the MOA of Suramin?

A

inhibit enzymes

49
Q

What are the ADRs of Suramin?

A 
Vomiting
Itching
Rash
Parasthesias
Photophobia
AKI
50
Q

What must you monitor with Suramin?

51
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Suramin?

52
Q

What is the MOA of Melarsoprol?

A

Inactivation of enzymes inside the parasite

53
Q

What are the ADRs of Melarsoprol?

A

Hypertension
Albuminuria
Peripheral Neuropathy
Myocardial damage

54
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Melarsoprol?

55
Q

What is the MOA of Eflornithine?

A

irreversible inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase

56
Q

What are the ADRs of Eflornithine?

A 
Anemia
Leukopenia
Diarrhea
Seizures
Hair Loss
57
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Eflornithine?

Clinical Pharmacology II (25 decks)

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