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Memorising Medicine - Mnemonics > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q
A

Karposi’s sarcoma

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2
Q

Principles of skin examination

A

Inspect, describe, palpate, systemic check

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3
Q

Inspect

A

General observations Site and number of lesions If multiple - pattern of distribution and configuration

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4
Q

Describe

A

S.C.A.M Size, Shape Colour Associated secondary change Morphology, Margin (border)

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5
Q

Pigmented lesion

A

A.B.C.D Asymmetry Irregular border two or more Colours within the lesion Diameter >6mm

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6
Q

Palpate

A

Surface Consistency Mobility Tenderness Temperature

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7
Q

Systematic check

A

Examine the nails, scalp, hair, mucous membranes and general examination of all systems

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8
Q
A

Concentric rings - erythema multiforme

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9
Q

What is shown and list the risk factors for this type of lesion?

A

Venous Ulcer

Risks for venous ulcers

Varicose veins.

Previous deep vein thrombosis in the affected leg.

Phlebitis in the affected leg.

Previous fracture, trauma, or surgery.

Family history of venous disease.

Symptoms of venous insufficiency: leg pain, heavy legs, aching, itching, swelling, skin breakdown, pigmentation and eczema.

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10
Q

What is shown and list the risk factors for this type of lesion?

A

Arterial Ulcer

Risks for arterial ulcers

Coronary heart disease.

History of stroke or transient ischaemic attack.

Diabetes mellitus.

Peripheral arterial disease including intermittent claudication.

Obesity and immobility.

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11
Q

What is shown? Name some differential diagnoses

A

Erythema Nodosum

Streptococcal infection.

Sarcoidosis.

Tuberculosis (TB).

Other infections. Infections such as chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Yersinia enterocolitica

Certain medicines.

Inflammatory bowel disease.

Pregnancy. Occasionally, pregnancy can trigger erythema nodosum.

Certain cancers, including lymphoma and leukaemia

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12
Q
A

Atopic eczema

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13
Q

Shortly after starting a medication this person developed…

A

Stevens Johnson syndrome

This is a form of toxic epidermal necrolysis, is a life-threatening skin condition, in which cell death causes the epidermis to separate from the dermis. The syndrome is thought to be a hypersensitivity complex that affects the skin and the mucous membranes. The best known causes are certain medications (such as lamotrigine), but it can also be due to infections, or more rarely, cancers

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14
Q
A

Candida Albicans

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15
Q
A

Urticaria

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16
Q
A

Melanoma

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17
Q
A

Pitting

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18
Q
A

Henoch Schonlein

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19
Q
A

Herpes Zoster

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20
Q
A

Thrombophlebitis

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21
Q
A

Keloid Scar

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22
Q
A

Seborrheic Keratosis

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23
Q
A

Excoriation eczema

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24
Q
A

Naevus flammus - Vascular malformation

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25
Q
A

Pyogenic granuloma

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26
Q
A

Normal mole

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27
Q
A

Phlebitis

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28
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A

Keloid scar

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29
Q
A

Basal cell carcinoma

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30
Q
A

Angioedema

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31
Q
A

Livedo reticularis

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32
Q
A

Tinea corporis

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33
Q
A

Melasma

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34
Q
A

Venous ulcer

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35
Q
A

Mucosal desquamation - Stevens Johnson

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36
Q
A

Melanoma

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37
Q
A

Squamous cell

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38
Q
A

Normal moles

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39
Q
A

Superficial phlebitis

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40
Q
A

Necroytic migratory erythema

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41
Q
A

Lichenification eczema

42
Q
43
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44
Q
A

Squamous cell

45
Q
A

Varilla - chicken pox

46
Q
A

Basal cell carcinoma

47
Q
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

48
Q
A

Hypertrophic scar

49
Q
A

Sebhorreic Keratosis

50
Q
A

Thrombophlebitis

51
Q
52
Q
A

Necrolytic migratory erythema

53
Q
A

Candida - mouth

54
Q
A

Venostatis ulcer

55
Q
A

Serbhorreic keratoses

56
Q
A

Senile purpura

57
Q
A

Cystic acne

58
Q
A

Chronic arterial insufficiency

59
Q
A

Erythema nodosum

60
Q
A

Basal cell carcinoma

61
Q
A

Normal moles

62
Q
A

Eczema herpeticum

63
Q
A

Dermatitis herpetiformis -

associated with coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity

64
Q
65
Q
A

Neuropathic ucler

66
Q
A

Herpes zoster

67
Q
A

Eczema herpeticum

68
Q
69
Q
A

Koilonychia

70
Q
71
Q
A

Pyogenic granuloma

72
Q
A

Lichenefication

73
Q
74
Q
A

Hypertrophic scar

75
Q
A

Varicella zoster

76
Q
A

Acute hand eczema

77
Q
A

Onycholysis

78
Q
79
Q
81
Q
A

Palmer erythema

82
Q
A

Varicella zoster

83
Q
A

Senile purpura

84
Q
A

Henoch purpura

85
Q
A

Hidrardenitis suppurativa

86
Q
A

Acanthosis nigricans

87
Q
88
Q
A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

89
Q
A

Bullous pemphigoid disease

90
Q
A

Hidradenitis suppurativa

91
Q
A

Erythema ab igne

92
Q
A

Acanthosis nigrans

94
Q
A

Keratoderma blenorrhagica (seen in reactive arthritis)

95
Q
A

Keratoacanthoma

In the picture shown the central keratotic area, and the lack of the typically raised pearly edge would favour keratoacanthoma over BCC

Keratoacanthomas arise from a single hair follicle as they are only seen on hair-bearing skin. Untreated, a true keratoacanthoma will go on growing for several months, reach a maximum size then self-destruct over several more months.

Sometimes surgical excision is necessary and occasionally biopsy will remove the lesion entirely.

Risk factors for keratoacanthoma include those for skin cancer and so high levels of UV exposure are often present. Skin trauma is also often noted in the patient’s history and research has shown a link with human papilloma virus (HPV).

96
Q
A

keratoacanthoma

97
Q

Conditions where you can see rash on the soles and palms?

A

Reiter’s disease (reactive arthritis)

Syphilis

Psoriasis (not guttate form which is confined to torso, arms and legs)

Eczema (pompholyx), and

Erythema multiforme.

98
Q

A 64-year-old asylum seeker has arrived in the United Kingdom with this painless lesion on his forearm.

It started as a small, red, itchy lesion, which then blistered, bursting to form the lesion shown. He was employed as a sheep herder.

A

Cutaneous anthrax is an infection of the skin caused by direct contact with the bacterium

Bacillus anthracis.

It is a differential in all skin lesions in subjects who may have had contact with infected animals, mainly hoofed animals (for example, sheep, goats).

Cutaneous anthrax accounts for 95% of cases of anthrax worldwide.

There is potential for anthrax spores to be utilised as a means of bioterrorism. In case of this event, stockpiles of ciprofloxacin have been set aside to treat the affected population. It can also be treated with penicillin and doxycycline

99
Q

A 30-year-old man presents with a five day history of chills, sore throat and some dyspnoea

What is the rash called? What is most likely cause of his symptoms and rash? List drugs which can preciptate it.

A

Erythema multiforme

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Penicillins, sulphonamides, phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine, and vaccinations

100
Q

Causes of gingival hyperplasia

A

Drug therapy - ciclosporin, steroids, phenytoin, nifedipine

Chronic transplant rejection

Renal artery stenosis

Glomerulonephritis

101
Q

Describe the complications of varicose veins and what they are caused by

A

Haemorrhage– due to skin erosion or from minor trauma at site of superficial varicosity. Can be arrested by direct pressure and leg elevation

Thrombophlebitis – results from thrombosis of the varicose veins, and presents with painful, inflamed, and tender varicose veins

Skin pigmentation – due to accumulation of haemosiderin in the skin. from extravasated red cells

Ulceration – occurs due necrosis of skin by failing nutritional exchange with capillaries and is always accompanied by skin pigmentation.

Atrophe blanche – white scarring in the lower leg caused by venous hypertension

Lipodermatosclerosis – inflammatory process leading to skin induration and fibrosis of the subcutaneous fat.

Memorising Medicine - Mnemonics (23 decks)

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