Memorising Medicine - Mnemonics > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q
A

Karposi’s sarcoma

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2
Q

Principles of skin examination

A

Inspect, describe, palpate, systemic check

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3
Q

Inspect

A

General observations Site and number of lesions If multiple - pattern of distribution and configuration

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4
Q

Describe

A

S.C.A.M Size, Shape Colour Associated secondary change Morphology, Margin (border)

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5
Q

Pigmented lesion

A

A.B.C.D Asymmetry Irregular border two or more Colours within the lesion Diameter >6mm

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6
Q

Palpate

A

Surface Consistency Mobility Tenderness Temperature

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7
Q

Systematic check

A

Examine the nails, scalp, hair, mucous membranes and general examination of all systems

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8
Q
A

Concentric rings - erythema multiforme

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9
Q

What is shown and list the risk factors for this type of lesion?

A

Venous Ulcer

Risks for venous ulcers

Varicose veins.

Previous deep vein thrombosis in the affected leg.

Phlebitis in the affected leg.

Previous fracture, trauma, or surgery.

Family history of venous disease.

Symptoms of venous insufficiency: leg pain, heavy legs, aching, itching, swelling, skin breakdown, pigmentation and eczema.

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10
Q

What is shown and list the risk factors for this type of lesion?

A

Arterial Ulcer

Risks for arterial ulcers

Coronary heart disease.

History of stroke or transient ischaemic attack.

Diabetes mellitus.

Peripheral arterial disease including intermittent claudication.

Obesity and immobility.

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11
Q

What is shown? Name some differential diagnoses

A

Erythema Nodosum

Streptococcal infection.

Sarcoidosis.

Tuberculosis (TB).

Other infections. Infections such as chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Yersinia enterocolitica

Certain medicines.

Inflammatory bowel disease.

Pregnancy. Occasionally, pregnancy can trigger erythema nodosum.

Certain cancers, including lymphoma and leukaemia

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12
Q
A

Atopic eczema

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13
Q

Shortly after starting a medication this person developed…

A

Stevens Johnson syndrome

This is a form of toxic epidermal necrolysis, is a life-threatening skin condition, in which cell death causes the epidermis to separate from the dermis. The syndrome is thought to be a hypersensitivity complex that affects the skin and the mucous membranes. The best known causes are certain medications (such as lamotrigine), but it can also be due to infections, or more rarely, cancers

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14
Q
A

Candida Albicans

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15
Q
A

Urticaria

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16
Q
A

Melanoma

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17
Q
A

Pitting

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18
Q
A

Henoch Schonlein

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19
Q
A

Herpes Zoster

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20
Q
A

Thrombophlebitis

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21
Q
A

Keloid Scar

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22
Q
A

Seborrheic Keratosis

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23
Q
A

Excoriation eczema

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24
Q
A

Naevus flammus - Vascular malformation

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25
Pyogenic granuloma
26
Normal mole
27
Phlebitis
28
Keloid scar
29
Basal cell carcinoma
30
Angioedema
31
Livedo reticularis
32
Tinea corporis
33
Melasma
34
Venous ulcer
35
Mucosal desquamation - Stevens Johnson
36
Melanoma
37
Squamous cell
38
Normal moles
39
Superficial phlebitis
40
Necroytic migratory erythema
41
Lichenification eczema
42
Vitiligo
43
Candida
44
Squamous cell
45
Varilla - chicken pox
46
Basal cell carcinoma
47
Squamous cell carcinoma
48
Hypertrophic scar
49
Sebhorreic Keratosis
50
Thrombophlebitis
51
Melanoma
52
Necrolytic migratory erythema
53
Candida - mouth
54
Venostatis ulcer
55
Serbhorreic keratoses
56
Senile purpura
57
Cystic acne
58
Chronic arterial insufficiency
59
Erythema nodosum
60
Basal cell carcinoma
61
Normal moles
62
Eczema herpeticum
63
Dermatitis herpetiformis - associated with coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity
64
Psoriaris
65
Neuropathic ucler
66
Herpes zoster
67
Eczema herpeticum
68
Psoriasis
69
Koilonychia
70
Vitiligo
71
Pyogenic granuloma
72
Lichenefication
73
Phlebitis
74
Hypertrophic scar
75
Varicella zoster
76
Acute hand eczema
77
Onycholysis
78
Urticaria
79
Eczema
80
Acne
81
Palmer erythema
82
Varicella zoster
83
Senile purpura
84
Henoch purpura
85
Hidrardenitis suppurativa
86
Acanthosis nigricans
87
Ab igne
88
Dermatitis herpetiformis
89
Bullous pemphigoid disease
90
Hidradenitis suppurativa
91
Erythema ab igne
92
Acanthosis nigrans
93
94
Keratoderma blenorrhagica (seen in reactive arthritis)
95
Keratoacanthoma In the picture shown the central keratotic area, and the lack of the typically raised pearly edge would favour keratoacanthoma over BCC Keratoacanthomas arise from a single hair follicle as they are only seen on hair-bearing skin. Untreated, a true keratoacanthoma will go on growing for several months, reach a maximum size then self-destruct over several more months. Sometimes surgical excision is necessary and occasionally biopsy will remove the lesion entirely. Risk factors for keratoacanthoma include those for skin cancer and so high levels of UV exposure are often present. Skin trauma is also often noted in the patient's history and research has shown a link with human papilloma virus (HPV).
96
keratoacanthoma
97
Conditions where you can see rash on the soles and palms?
Reiter's disease (reactive arthritis) Syphilis Psoriasis (not guttate form which is confined to torso, arms and legs) Eczema (pompholyx), and Erythema multiforme.
98
A 64-year-old asylum seeker has arrived in the United Kingdom with this painless lesion on his forearm. It started as a small, red, itchy lesion, which then blistered, bursting to form the lesion shown. He was employed as a sheep herder.
Cutaneous anthrax is an infection of the skin caused by direct contact with the bacterium **_Bacillus anthracis_**. It is a differential in all skin lesions in subjects who may have had contact with infected animals, mainly hoofed animals (for example, sheep, goats). Cutaneous anthrax accounts for 95% of cases of anthrax worldwide. There is potential for anthrax spores to be utilised as a means of bioterrorism. In case of this event, stockpiles of ciprofloxacin have been set aside to treat the affected population. It can also be treated with penicillin and doxycycline
99
A 30-year-old man presents with a five day history of chills, sore throat and some dyspnoea What is the rash called? What is most likely cause of his symptoms and rash? List drugs which can preciptate it.
Erythema multiforme Mycoplasma pneumonia Penicillins, sulphonamides, phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine, and vaccinations
100
Causes of gingival hyperplasia
Drug therapy - ciclosporin, steroids, phenytoin, nifedipine Chronic transplant rejection Renal artery stenosis Glomerulonephritis
101
Describe the complications of varicose veins and what they are caused by
Haemorrhage– due to skin erosion or from minor trauma at site of superficial varicosity. Can be arrested by direct pressure and leg elevation Thrombophlebitis – results from thrombosis of the varicose veins, and presents with painful, inflamed, and tender varicose veins Skin pigmentation – due to accumulation of haemosiderin in the skin. from extravasated red cells Ulceration – occurs due necrosis of skin by failing nutritional exchange with capillaries and is always accompanied by skin pigmentation. Atrophe blanche – white scarring in the lower leg caused by venous hypertension Lipodermatosclerosis – inflammatory process leading to skin induration and fibrosis of the subcutaneous fat.

Memorising Medicine - Mnemonics (23 decks)

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