Dermato Flashcards
What is eczema?
A group of conditions that cause red, itchy, inflamed skin.
What are the types of eczema?
Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic eczema, seborrheic dermatitis.
At what age does atopic dermatitis usually appear?
First 6 months to 5 years of life.
Is eczema contagious?
No, it is not contagious.
What conditions are included in the atopic triad?
Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma.
What are common triggering factors for eczema?
Dry skin, sweating, allergens, irritants, skin infections, stress, dietary triggers.
What are common locations for eczema in infants? (1-6 months)
Face, cheeks, chin, forehead, scalp (sparing diaper area).
What are common locations for eczema in toddlers?
Elbows, knees, wrists, ankles, hands. (Contact when crawling)
What is lichenification?
Thickening of the skin with deeper lines due to chronic scratching.
What is the major diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis? (Hanifin and Rajka criteria)
Pruritus, typical morphology, chronic relapsing course, family history of atopy.
Mnemonic: CHIP
Chronicity
H/O Atopy (Personal/Family)
Involvement of Face & Flexures
(Popliteal & Antecubital fossa)
Pruritis
What are some minor criteria for atopic dermatitis?
Xerosis, ichthyosis, preauricular fissures, susceptibility to infections.
Mnemonic: BAKES DRIP
(delayed Blanching to cholinergics, Anterior subcapsular cataract, Keratoconus, raised igE, immediate type 1 Skin test, Dennie’s lines, Recurrent skin infection, Icthyosis vulgaris over palmar crease, facial Pallor)
What are common treatments for eczema?
Daily baths, emollients, avoiding triggers, topical corticosteroids.
What are potential side effects of prolonged topical corticosteroid use?
Skin thinning, striae, acne, Cushing syndrome.
What systemic therapies are available for eczema?
Oral antihistamines, antibiotics for secondary infection, dermatologist referral.
What is eczema herpeticum and how is it treated?
A viral infection with clustered blisters; treated with Acyclovir.
What is Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD)?
A contagious viral disease causing fever, rash on hands, feet, and mouth.
What are severe symptoms of HFMD?
Neck stiffness, lethargy, seizures, respiratory distress.
What is the main mode of transmission for HFMD?
Respiratory droplets, direct contact, contaminated surfaces.
What is the typical duration of HFMD?
7-10 days.
What are some preventive measures for HFMD?
Hand hygiene, avoiding close contact, disinfecting surfaces.
What are indications for hospital admission in HFMD?
Inability to tolerate oral intake, high fever >48 hours, toxic appearance.
What are the clinical features of HFMD?
- Prodormal phase
Fever, sore throat (–> poor appetite, anorexia), irritiablity, headache - Exanthematous phase (Maculopapular rash on palms, soles)
Macule–>vesicles surrounded by halo, mouth ulcers (–> risk of dehydration, poor appetite), rash over hands, feet, buttock, genital area
What virus causes Roseola Infantum?
Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7.
What are the characteristics of Pityriasis Rosea?
Christmas tree distribution rash with herald patch.
What bacteria causes Scarlet Fever?
Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.
What are the distinguishing features of Scarlet Fever?
Strawberry tongue, sandpaper rash, pastia lines.
What bacteria commonly cause Impetigo?
Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus.
What is the characteristic appearance of Impetigo lesions?
Honey-colored crusted lesions.
What is the causative agent of Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)?
Parvovirus B19.
What is the characteristic rash of Erythema Infectiosum?
Slapped cheek rash, reticular rash on limbs.
What is the causative agent of Molluscum Contagiosum?
Poxvirus.
What is the typical appearance of Molluscum Contagiosum lesions?
Umbilicated pearly white papules.
What is Tinea Capitis?
Fungal scalp infection causing alopecia and scaling.
What is the characteristic lesion in Tinea Corporis?
Ringworm, annular lesion with central clearing.
What is the typical presentation of Tinea Pedis?
Itchy vesicular rash between toes and soles.
How is a dermatophyte infection diagnosed?
KOH microscopy, fungal culture.
What oral antifungal is used for Tinea Capitis?
Oral griseofulvin or terbinafine.
What is the treatment for Tinea Corporis?
Topical antifungals like clotrimazole.
What is Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)?
White curd-like plaques in the mouth
Angular chelitis (painful crack at corner of mouth)
Acute gingivitis
What is the treatment for Oral Candidiasis?
Oral nystatin suspension.
What is Pityriasis Versicolor?
Superficial fungal infection causing discolored scaly patches.
What is the appearance of Pityriasis Versicolor lesions?
Hypopigmented or hyperpigmented scaly macules.
What are risk factors for Candida infections?
Antibiotics, steroids, immunosuppression, diabetes.
What is the treatment for Candida Nappy Rash?
Topical antifungal like clotrimazole.
What are common causes of diaper dermatitis?
Irritant exposure, fungal infections, allergic reactions.
What is the treatment approach for diaper dermatitis?
Frequent diaper changes, barrier creams, antifungals if needed.
What are signs of secondary bacterial infection in a diaper rash?
Yellow crusting, increased redness, pus formation.
What are general principles of managing fungal skin infections?
Keep area dry, avoid tight clothing, use antifungals.
What is the importance of emollients in eczema treatment?
Prevent moisture loss and repair skin barrier.
What should parents be advised about managing a child with eczema?
Wash separately, avoid harsh soaps, continue breastfeeding.
What are signs of secondary bacterial infection in eczema?
Oozing, yellow crusting, pustules, fever.
