Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards/Interviews > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatophytes infect what level of the skin?

A

Stratum corneum of epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

KOH Prep

A
  • dissolves keratin and leaves fungal elements

- will show presence of fungal hyphae (does not ID species)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wood’s Lamp

A
  • 360 nm wavelength
  • Greenish = tinea capitis (microsporum)
  • Coral red = erythrasma (C. minutissimum)
  • Yellow/gold = tinea versicolor (M. furfur)
  • Green = pseudomonas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most common cause of tinea pedis?

A

Trichophyton rubrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Moccasin Tinea Pedis

A
  • central clearing with peripheral scaling

- T. Rubrum most common organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vesicular Tinea Pedis

A
  • more aggressive
  • sole or instep with clear fluid veicles
  • T. Metagrophytes most common organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Id (dermatophytid) reaction

A
  • associated with vesicular tinea

- allergic rash caused by an inflammatory tinea infection at a distant site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Majocchi’s Granuloma

A
  • dermatophyte invades dermis/subQ through hair follicle

- T. Rubrum most common organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Allylamine MOA

A

-inhibit fungal squalene epoxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Azole MOA

A

-inhibit ergosterol synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common type of onychomycosis?

A

Distal subungual onycho

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis

A
  • most commonly involves T. Rubrum

- 90% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Superficial white onychomycosis

A

-T. Mentagrophytes is most common organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis

A
  • Caused by T. Rubrum

- Correlation with HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Best way to dx dermatitis?

A

Punch biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atopic Dermatitis

A
  • usually begins in infancy
  • itch-scratch cycle
  • serum IgE may be elevated (type I hypersensitivity rxn)
  • Associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contact Dermatitis

A
  • Irritant type caused by chemical irritant; non-immunologic; single exposure rxn
  • Allergic type caused by allergen; type IV cell mediated hsn rxn; delayed type rxn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dyshydrotic Eczema

A
  • AKA Pompholyx
  • deep seated pruitic “tapioca” like vesicles (characteristic)
  • soles of feet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nummular Eczema

A
  • AKA Discoid eczema
  • coin-shaped plaques (small papules/vesicles on erythematous base)
  • common on lower legs during winter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

A
  • Itch-scratch cycle causing circumscribed plaques with lichenification
  • Minimal stimulus to skin elicits abnormal pruitic response (hyperexcitability)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A
  • AKA cradle cap (infants) and Pityriasis sicca (dandruff)

- Erythema/scaling in areas where sebaceous glands most active (face, scalp, body folds, etc.)

22
Q

Types of Psoriasis based on morphology

A
  • Plaque
  • Guttate
  • Pustular
  • Inverse
  • Erythrodermic
23
Q

Plaque Psoriasis

A
  • most common variant
  • extensor surfaces
  • Koebner phenomenon: skin dz at sites of skin trauma
  • Auspitz sign: pinpoint bleeding after removal of silvery scale
24
Q

Guttate Psoriasis

A
  • drop-like
  • acute appearance of multiple papule/plaques on proximal extremities and trunk
  • *strong association with strep pharyngitis
25
Q

Pustular Psoriasis

A
  • pustules at various stages of development that resolve into hyperpigmented macules
  • often limited to palms and soles (can be solitary patch)
26
Q

Psoriatic Erythroderma

A

-generalized erythema and scaling covering almost entire skin surface

27
Q

Inverse Psoriasis

A

-erythematous plaques along intertriginous areas

28
Q

Acral/Palmoplantar Psoriasis

A
  • very debilitating form of psoriasis, recalcitrant to therapy
  • 80% of cases, hands and feet are ONLY sites involved
29
Q

What are side effects of topical steroids?

A
  • subcutaneous atrophy
  • depigmentation (suppressed melanocytes)
  • telangectasias
  • striae
  • tachyphylaxis
  • Cushing’s
30
Q

Lichen Planus

A
  • purple, polygonal, pruitic, papules

- Wickham’s striae

31
Q

Seborrheic Keratoses

A
  • most common benign cutaneous lesion
  • waxy, “stuck on” appearance
  • horn cyst (histo hallmark)
32
Q

Keratoacanthoma

A
  • smooth, dome-shaped, red papule with central keratin-filled crater
  • typically rapid growth
33
Q

Cutaneous Horn

A
  • hard conical projection of keratin

- in-situ or SCC often present at base of lesion -> always excise

34
Q

Actinic Keratoses

A
  • AKA solar keratosis
  • premalignant lesion of keritinocyte (SCC potential)
  • erythematous papule/plaque with coarse scale (sandpaper lesion)
35
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in situ

A
  • AKA Bowens disease
  • maculae/papule/plaque that may be scaling or hyperkeratotic
  • confined to epidermis
36
Q

SCC

A
  • malignant tumor of keratinocytes
  • increased mortality compared to BCC
  • most common on sun exposed areas
37
Q

Marjolin’s Ulcer

A
  • malignant degeneration to SCC in areas of chronic inflammation, infected, or traumatized skin
  • commonly present in chronic wounds
38
Q

BCC

A
  • most common type of skin cancer

- limited ability to metastasize

39
Q

What does the prognosis of melanoma depend on?

A

Depth of invasion

40
Q

Clinical presentation of melanoma

A
  • Asymmetry of shape/color
  • Border irregularity
  • Color variation
  • Diameter > 6 mm
  • Evolving
41
Q

Growth pattern of melanoma

A
  • Initial radial growth phase: within epidermis, lateral growth, considered in-situ
  • Vertical growth phase: growth into dermis with eventual metastasis
42
Q

Melanoma In Situ

A
  • confined to epidermis

- every melanoma starts in-situ

43
Q

Lentigo Maligna Melanoma

A
  • least common type

- slowest growing (radial growth lasts 20 years)

44
Q

Superficial Spreading Melanoma

A
  • most common type

- slow growing (radial growth lasts months to 2 years)

45
Q

Nodular Melanoma

A
  • worst prognosis

- essentially begins in the vertical growth phase

46
Q

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

A
  • more common in darker skin patients
  • presents on palms, soles, and nails
  • radial growth lasts months to years
47
Q

Subungual Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

A
  • melanomas begin in the nail matrix
  • present as longitudinal melanonychia
  • Hutchinson’s sign: spread of pigmentation to proximal or lateral nail fold
48
Q

Amelanotic Melanoma

A
  • forms from melanocytes void of pigment

- erythematous papules/nodules

49
Q

Clark’s Level of Invasion

A
  • Stage 1: epidermis (macule)
  • Stage 2: part of the papillary dermis (small papule)
  • Stage 3: entire papillary dermis (papule)
  • Stage 4: reticular dermis (nodule)
  • Stage 5: subcutaneous tissue
50
Q

Breslow’s Depth

A
  • 4 mm: 50%

Boards/Interviews (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions