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History Germany > Depth Study 4 - Rebuilding > Flashcards

Depth Study 4 - Rebuilding Flashcards

1
Q

When was Nazi Germany defeated?

A

May 1945

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2
Q

How many zones was Germany divided into upon defeat in WW2?

A

4

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3
Q

What were the two areas in Germany split into?

A

Western Capitalist and Eastern Communist

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4
Q

Where was Berlin situated in the new split Germany?

A

Deep in the Russian zone

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5
Q

When did the US and British zones combine?

A

1st Jan 1947

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6
Q

Why did the US and British zones unite?

A

To facilitate the distribution of Marshall Aids

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7
Q

What was the name given to the new British and USA zone?

A

Bizonia

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8
Q

When did France join Bizonia turning it into Trizonia?

A

August 1948

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9
Q

When were the SPD and trade unions banned?

A

July 1933

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10
Q

What prior credentials did Adenauer have?

A

Former mayor of Kologne and previous member of Prussian Assembly of the Second Reich

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11
Q

What areas did Adenauer lead?

A

Previous Zentrum areas

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12
Q

Why was Adenauer perfect for the job as helping West Germany?

A

He was Conservative, right-wing and Catholic who stood firmly against the Nazis

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13
Q

What party did Adenauer form?

A

The Christian Democratic Union (CDU)

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14
Q

What was the name of the Central Bank?

A

Bank Deutscher Lander

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15
Q

What was the new currency in West Germany?

A

Deutschmark

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16
Q

What was the Berlin Blockade?

A

The Soviet Union cut off Western access to Berlin in protest of the new Deutsche Mark so a massive Allied airlift that delivered over 2.3 million tonnes of supplies via 277,000 flight

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17
Q

When was the London Conference and what did it accept?

A

Feb/Mar 1948 - accepted permanent division of West and East

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18
Q

What was the name of the West German state?

A

FRG

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19
Q

What political group came back to the FRG?

A

National Liberals

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20
Q

What was the set up of West Germany?

A

It was an occupied state with no constitution and no sovereignty

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21
Q

Who drew up the constitution?

A

65 members, 27 from CDU, 27 from SPD and 11 from smaller parties

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22
Q

Where was the constitution drawn up?

A

Bonn, an area in Kologne

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23
Q

What socialist elements were reintroduced after the defeat of the Nazis?

A

Trade unions and SPD

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24
Q

Who led the creation of the constitution?

A

Adenauer

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25
What political group is reemerging as influential in the voting process?
National Liberals
26
When did the basic law for West Germany come into effect?
23 May 1949
27
What two principles were brought back in the new constitution?
* Individual Liberty * Difference
28
What is the voting process for state and Bundestag elections?
All citizens vote once for a party and once for a local representative (RPL)
29
What is the tenure of the Bundestag?
4 years
30
What allows for flexibility in the number of Bundestag members?
Proportional representation
31
Who leads the state government elected by state parliaments?
The Minister President
32
How many members of the Bundestag are elected by the state government?
69 members
33
How are delegates chosen for the Federal Convention?
* ½ from Bundestag * ½ from Bundesrat
34
What is the role of the Federal President?
Head of state
35
Under what condition can the Chancellor be dismissed?
When a new Chancellor is voted in and a vote of no confidence happens
36
Who elects the Chancellor?
The Federal Convention
37
Who forms the Cabinet?
The Federal Convention
38
What is the highest court in the federal structure?
The Federal Constituent Constitutional Court
39
How many judges are on the Supreme Court?
16 judges
40
How are the judges of the Supreme Court selected?
* Half voted for by Bundesrat * Half by Bundestag
41
What is a limitation on the judges of the Supreme Court?
Can only serve one time in office
42
Was there a directly elected president in the new system?
No
43
What was absent in the new constitution?
Article 48
44
How was the chancellor chosen in the new system?
The chancellor was the leader of the main party or coalition in the Bundestag
45
What was the minimum percentage of votes a party needed to gain representatives in the Bundestag?
5% of the vote
46
What type of government structure did the new constitution guarantee?
A social welfare state
47
What historical document is linked to the first 19 articles of the new constitution?
Bill of Rights
48
What role did the Bundesrat play in the new system?
The Bundesrat would protect the rights of the state
49
How were taxes handled between the central and state governments?
Central government set and collected taxes shared equally with state government
50
Who led the West German authority initially?
A popularly elected mayor
51
Who managed the foreign affairs agenda of the FRG initially?
Allied High Commission
52
Where was the FRG government located?
In Bonn
53
When were the elections set for in the FRG?
14 August 1949
54
What was the national government stronger in the new system?
It was weakened
55
What type of parties can be banned?
Those who represent a threat to free democratic basic order
56
Who leads the army in the FRG?
The minister of defence
57
What was the new role of the President?
A check of power as he can veto laws
58
Where is power vested in?
The Chancellor
59
What happens when the Chancellor dies?
A secret ballot is held in the Bundestag
60
What does Article 1 of the basic law state?
Human dignity is inviolable
61
What does Article 79 say?
That democracy, republicanism, federalism and social responsibility are guaranteed
62
What was the ultimate check of power?
The constitutional court
63
What was the turnout in the first national elections?
78.5%
64
What percentage of the votes and how many deputies did the CDU/CSU get?
31% of the vote 139 deputies
65
What percentage of the votes and how many deputies did the SPD get?
29.2% of the vote 131 deputies
66
What percentage of the votes and how many deputies did the FDP (national liberals) get?
11.9% of the vote 52 deputies
67
Who was elected as the first Chancellor?
Adenauer but only by one vote
68
Who was elected as the first President?
Theodor Heuss
69
How many different parties were in the first Bundestag?
12
70
What was the first government of the FDR?
CDU/CSU/FDP/DP coalition making up 208/402 seats
71
When did the occupational zones end?
5th May 1955
72
How many USSR refugees fled to West Germany?
10 million
73
What global fund helped the German economy?
The Marshall Plan
74
When was Adenauer arrested by the Nazis?
1944
75
What party did Adenauer make illegal?
KPD communist party
76
How big was Adenauer army after the Korean war?
150,000 men
77
How much did Adenauer give Israel in recognition of Nazi crimes?
DM 3 billion
78
When did Adenauer retire?
1963 but remained head of CDU until 1966
79
Who was Ludwig Erhard?
Managed CDU economic policy and was popular in America
80
Who was Hans Globke?
Secretary of State who emphasised Christianity and anti-communism
81
What group did the FDR join?
NATO
82
When was the Berlin Wall built?
1961
83
Why did the SPD suffer in West Germany?
They were seen as too closely related to the East
84
What was wrong with Erich Ollenhauer?
He was leader of the SPD but was seen as boring and favoured Anti-Catholic policy
85
When did the SPD and CDU form a coalition?
1966
86
When was the first SPD Chancellor?
1969 - Willy Brandt
87
How did the FDP act as the balance of power?
They were the check in the Basic Law Confernce and were in all coalitions aside from 1957
88
What was the Fragebogen?
The questionnaire used to judge who was a Nazi or not
89
How many Germans had to partake in the Fragebogen?
2.5 million even those imprisoned under the Nazis
90
How many Nazi Germans were arrested by 1947?
90,000
91
When did the US denazification end officially?
1951
92
When and what was the First Amnesty Law?
May 1951 and restored 150,000 officials
93
How many former Nazis were in the foreign Ministry?
39/49
94
What percentage of German officials had been former Nazis?
80% especially in the judiciary
95
What and when was the Reinstatement Act?
1951 - reinstated many ex Nazis into the civil service

History Germany (8 decks)

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