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History Germany > Depth Study 4 - Rebuilding > Flashcards

Depth Study 4 - Rebuilding Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Nazi Germany defeated?

A

May 1945

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2
Q

How many zones was Germany divided into upon defeat in WW2?

A

4

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3
Q

What were the two areas in Germany split into?

A

Western Capitalist and Eastern Communist

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4
Q

Where was Berlin situated in the new split Germany?

A

Deep in the Russian zone

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5
Q

When did the US and British zones combine?

A

1st Jan 1947

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6
Q

Why did the US and British zones unite?

A

To facilitate the distribution of Marshall Aids

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7
Q

What was the name given to the new British and USA zone?

A

Bizonia

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8
Q

When did France join Bizonia turning it into Trizonia?

A

August 1948

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9
Q

When were the SPD and trade unions banned?

A

July 1933

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10
Q

What prior credentials did Adenauer have?

A

Former mayor of Kologne and previous member of Prussian Assembly of the Second Reich

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11
Q

What areas did Adenauer lead?

A

Previous Zentrum areas

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12
Q

Why was Adenauer perfect for the job as helping West Germany?

A

He was Conservative, right-wing and Catholic who stood firmly against the Nazis

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13
Q

What party did Adenauer form?

A

The Christian Democratic Union (CDU)

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14
Q

What was the name of the Central Bank?

A

Bank Deutscher Lander

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15
Q

What was the new currency in West Germany?

A

Deutschmark

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16
Q

What was the Berlin Blockade?

A

The Soviet Union cut off Western access to Berlin in protest of the new Deutsche Mark so a massive Allied airlift that delivered over 2.3 million tonnes of supplies via 277,000 flight

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17
Q

When was the London Conference and what did it accept?

A

Feb/Mar 1948 - accepted permanent division of West and East

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18
Q

What was the name of the West German state?

A

FRG

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19
Q

What political group came back to the FRG?

A

National Liberals

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20
Q

What was the set up of West Germany?

A

It was an occupied state with no constitution and no sovereignty

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21
Q

Who drew up the constitution?

A

65 members, 27 from CDU, 27 from SPD and 11 from smaller parties

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22
Q

Where was the constitution drawn up?

A

Bonn, an area in Kologne

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23
Q

What socialist elements were reintroduced after the defeat of the Nazis?

A

Trade unions and SPD

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24
Q

Who led the creation of the constitution?

A

Adenauer

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25
Q

What political group is reemerging as influential in the voting process?

A

National Liberals

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26
Q

When did the basic law for West Germany come into effect?

A

23 May 1949

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27
Q

What two principles were brought back in the new constitution?

A
  • Individual Liberty
  • Difference
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28
Q

What is the voting process for state and Bundestag elections?

A

All citizens vote once for a party and once for a local representative (RPL)

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29
Q

What is the tenure of the Bundestag?

A

4 years

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30
Q

What allows for flexibility in the number of Bundestag members?

A

Proportional representation

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31
Q

Who leads the state government elected by state parliaments?

A

The Minister President

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32
Q

How many members of the Bundestag are elected by the state government?

A

69 members

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33
Q

How are delegates chosen for the Federal Convention?

A
  • ½ from Bundestag
  • ½ from Bundesrat
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34
Q

What is the role of the Federal President?

A

Head of state

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35
Q

Under what condition can the Chancellor be dismissed?

A

When a new Chancellor is voted in and a vote of no confidence happens

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36
Q

Who elects the Chancellor?

A

The Federal Convention

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37
Q

Who forms the Cabinet?

A

The Federal Convention

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38
Q

What is the highest court in the federal structure?

A

The Federal Constituent Constitutional Court

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39
Q

How many judges are on the Supreme Court?

A

16 judges

40
Q

How are the judges of the Supreme Court selected?

A
  • Half voted for by Bundesrat
  • Half by Bundestag
41
Q

What is a limitation on the judges of the Supreme Court?

A

Can only serve one time in office

42
Q

Was there a directly elected president in the new system?

A

No

43
Q

What was absent in the new constitution?

A

Article 48

44
Q

How was the chancellor chosen in the new system?

A

The chancellor was the leader of the main party or coalition in the Bundestag

45
Q

What was the minimum percentage of votes a party needed to gain representatives in the Bundestag?

A

5% of the vote

46
Q

What type of government structure did the new constitution guarantee?

A

A social welfare state

47
Q

What historical document is linked to the first 19 articles of the new constitution?

A

Bill of Rights

48
Q

What role did the Bundesrat play in the new system?

A

The Bundesrat would protect the rights of the state

49
Q

How were taxes handled between the central and state governments?

A

Central government set and collected taxes shared equally with state government

50
Q

Who led the West German authority initially?

A

A popularly elected mayor

51
Q

Who managed the foreign affairs agenda of the FRG initially?

A

Allied High Commission

52
Q

Where was the FRG government located?

A

In Bonn

53
Q

When were the elections set for in the FRG?

A

14 August 1949

54
Q

What was the national government stronger in the new system?

A

It was weakened

55
Q

What type of parties can be banned?

A

Those who represent a threat to free democratic basic order

56
Q

Who leads the army in the FRG?

A

The minister of defence

57
Q

What was the new role of the President?

A

A check of power as he can veto laws

58
Q

Where is power vested in?

A

The Chancellor

59
Q

What happens when the Chancellor dies?

A

A secret ballot is held in the Bundestag

60
Q

What does Article 1 of the basic law state?

A

Human dignity is inviolable

61
Q

What does Article 79 say?

A

That democracy, republicanism, federalism and social responsibility are guaranteed

62
Q

What was the ultimate check of power?

A

The constitutional court

63
Q

What was the turnout in the first national elections?

A

78.5%

64
Q

What percentage of the votes and how many deputies did the CDU/CSU get?

A

31% of the vote
139 deputies

65
Q

What percentage of the votes and how many deputies did the SPD get?

A

29.2% of the vote
131 deputies

66
Q

What percentage of the votes and how many deputies did the FDP (national liberals) get?

A

11.9% of the vote
52 deputies

67
Q

Who was elected as the first Chancellor?

A

Adenauer but only by one vote

68
Q

Who was elected as the first President?

A

Theodor Heuss

69
Q

How many different parties were in the first Bundestag?

A

12

70
Q

What was the first government of the FDR?

A

CDU/CSU/FDP/DP coalition making up 208/402 seats

71
Q

When did the occupational zones end?

A

5th May 1955

72
Q

How many USSR refugees fled to West Germany?

A

10 million

73
Q

What global fund helped the German economy?

A

The Marshall Plan

74
Q

When was Adenauer arrested by the Nazis?

A

1944

75
Q

What party did Adenauer make illegal?

A

KPD communist party

76
Q

How big was Adenauer army after the Korean war?

A

150,000 men

77
Q

How much did Adenauer give Israel in recognition of Nazi crimes?

A

DM 3 billion

78
Q

When did Adenauer retire?

A

1963 but remained head of CDU until 1966

79
Q

Who was Ludwig Erhard?

A

Managed CDU economic policy and was popular in America

80
Q

Who was Hans Globke?

A

Secretary of State who emphasised Christianity and anti-communism

81
Q

What group did the FDR join?

A

NATO

82
Q

When was the Berlin Wall built?

A

1961

83
Q

Why did the SPD suffer in West Germany?

A

They were seen as too closely related to the East

84
Q

What was wrong with Erich Ollenhauer?

A

He was leader of the SPD but was seen as boring and favoured Anti-Catholic policy

85
Q

When did the SPD and CDU form a coalition?

A

1966

86
Q

When was the first SPD Chancellor?

A

1969 - Willy Brandt

87
Q

How did the FDP act as the balance of power?

A

They were the check in the Basic Law Confernce and were in all coalitions aside from 1957

88
Q

What was the Fragebogen?

A

The questionnaire used to judge who was a Nazi or not

89
Q

How many Germans had to partake in the Fragebogen?

A

2.5 million even those imprisoned under the Nazis

90
Q

How many Nazi Germans were arrested by 1947?

A

90,000

91
Q

When did the US denazification end officially?

A

1951

92
Q

When and what was the First Amnesty Law?

A

May 1951 and restored 150,000 officials

93
Q

How many former Nazis were in the foreign Ministry?

A

39/49

94
Q

What percentage of German officials had been former Nazis?

A

80% especially in the judiciary

95
Q

What and when was the Reinstatement Act?

A

1951 - reinstated many ex Nazis into the civil service

History Germany (7 decks)

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