depression, ocd and phobias - part of psychopathology

Question 1

phobia

Answer 1

an extreme and irrational fear of object ( specific phobia) or situations.

Question 2

behavioural characteristics of phobias

Answer 2

• avoidance ( phusically adapting normal behaviours to avoid phobic objects)
• panic - activation of fight or flight response when the feared object is encountered.
• failure to function - difficulty taking part in activities.

Question 3

emotional characteristics of phobias

Answer 3

anxiety - uncomfortably high and persistent state of arousal
fear

Question 4

cognitive characteristics of phobias

Answer 4

irrational thoughts about the stimulus that causes fear.
reduced cognitive activty - hard to concentrate as they are pre occupied by anxious thoughts

Question 5

depression

Answer 5

depression is a mood disorder, defined by consistent sense of sadness

Question 6

behavioural characteristics of depression

Answer 6

sleep disturbance, change in appetite, lack pf activity, pain especially headaches, joints and muscle ache, anhedonia

Question 7

emotional characteristics of depresssion

Answer 7

• sadness = persistent low mood, and guilt thinking that they have no value compared to other, diurnal mood variation.

Question 8

cognitive characteristics of depression

Answer 8

suicidal thoughts, difficulty in concentration and making decisions, persistent negative beleifs about themselves and their abilities.

Question 9

OCD

Answer 9

• defined by obsessions which are constant intrusive thoughts that causes high anxiety level and compulsions which are behavioural response inorder to deal with invasive thoughts.

Question 10

behavioural characteristics of ocd

Answer 10

• compulsions - checking thing repeatedly to reduce anxiety
• social impairment - not participating in social activities, due to difficulty leaving the house with triggering obsessions.
• avoidance - taking actions to be away from the object that triggers obsessions

Question 11

emotional characteristics of ocd

Answer 11

1. depression - due to being unable to control the anxiety causing the thoughts and ocd symptoms taking the sufferers life.
2. anxiety - resulting from obsession

Question 12

cognitive characteristics of ocd

Answer 12

obsessions - intrusive and irrational thoughts about potential dangers
2. hypervigilance - permanent state of alertness where the sufferer is always looking for source of their obsessive thoughts.
3. selective attention