Depression

Question 1

what is major depressive disorder?

Answer 1

experience of pain and suffering, has a history of one or more major depressive episodes and no history of manic or hypomanic episodes. - interferes with life - may have psychotic features

Question 2

to diagnose MDD they must show one of these symptoms?

Answer 2

1. psychotic features 2. melancholic features (stress not from environment) shows in morning, suicidal ideation 3. atypical features (vegetative symptoms: eating and sleeping) 4. catatonic features 5. postpartum onset: (within 4 Wks of childbirth) 6. Seasonal features (SAD, seasonal affective disorder)

Question 3

what is dysthymic disorder?

Answer 3

mood disorder with chronic depressive symptoms that are present most of the day for periods of at least 2 years

Question 4

what is a depressive episode?

Answer 4

•Depressive episode – depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure for at least 2 weeks
•AND 4 of the following:
–Disruption in sleep
–Appetite
–Concentration
–Energy
–Psychomotor agitation/retardation
–Excessive guilt/feeling worthless
–Suicidal ideation

Question 5

Risk factors of depression

Answer 5

Prior episode of depression
family history of depressive disorder (sometimes suicidal ideation/attempt/completion)
lack of social support
stressful life events
current substance abuse
medical co morbidity
Economic difficulties

Question 6

Cognitive theory: what predisposes us to depression?

Answer 6

–Negative ideas
–Illogical beliefs
–Irrational beliefs & lack of problem solving abilities
–Distortions of thought of self, envmt, futureà perpetuates negative affect

Question 7

what is beck’s cognitive triad?

Answer 7

1. Negative, self-depreciating view of self
2. Pessimistic view of the world
3. Belief that negative reinforcement will continue
   *congnition, behaviour, mood

Question 8

what is learned helplessness?

Answer 8

when anxiety is replaced by depression in a stressful situation. they have “learned” they have no control over the situation

Question 9

what are good treatments for learned helplessness?

Answer 9

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy

Rational Emotive Therapy

Question 10

what is the focus of CBT?

Answer 10

–validate and support
–create a safe place to practice ventilation and new skills
–build a sense of control and confidence
–defeat passivity (and the sense of shame, panic, resentment, bitterness and frustration that maintain depression) - through new behaviors.

Question 11

what does the recovery model focus on?

Answer 11

strengths

Question 12

when is ECT indicated

Answer 12

–Pharmacologic resistant depression
–history of positive effects from ECT
–NO contraindications present
–Rarely when needed for rapid response when patient is homocidal or suicidal

– when resistant to other measures
–extreme agitation/stupor – although controversial and may increase same
–patient preference or physician preference