depression

Question 1

what do all Antidepressant work on at least 1

Answer 1

1. Dopamine
   2, seratnaonine
2. noradrenaline

Question 2

who is more likely to have depression

Answer 2

women 2:1

Question 3

PMDD

Answer 3

For most females with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), symptoms such as abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, headache, anxiety, irritability and experiencing the blues are minor and short-lived.

But a small number of females have severe and disabling symptoms that disrupt their studies, jobs, relationships or other areas of their lives. At that point, PMS may cross the line into premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) — a type of depression that generally requires treatment.

Question 4

which medical conditions are frequently accompanied by depression

Answer 4

brain stroke 
parikinsosns - 50% 
diabtes , 3 X more common than general population 
dementia 
ischemic heart disease 
cancer

Question 5

how would you define MDD

Answer 5

MDD, also referred to as clinical depression, is a significant medical condition that can affect many areas of your life. It impacts mood and behavior as well as various physical functions, such as appetite and sleep.

Question 6

TX OF MDD

Answer 6

in 3 phases
1. The phase of active treatment
- pharmacotherapy
-psychotherapy either independently or in conjunction with drugs in mild depression but remember that psychotherapy alone is not effective in moderate or severe and can sometime be hazardous
this phase is usually 6-8 weeks and is targeted at symptomatic remission,
- mood stabilisers can be used as an ajuvnat e.g when bipolar is suspected

2. the phase of continuation + relapse prevention
   - 6- 9 months
   - continue AD
   - psychotherapy
3. maintenance phase
   - recommended for patients with 2 or more depressive episodes and aim is to prevent future attacks happeniing

Question 7

tx for premenstrual dysmorphic disorder

Answer 7

SSR’S reduce symptoms administer daily throughout cycle or only during luteal phase

Question 8

What parts of the brain gets affected by depression

Answer 8

Prefrontal cortex which is responsible for regulating emotions and decision making and reasoning becomes under active

Amygdala : responsible for emotions and emotional behaviour

Depression causes prefrontal to become under active and anygdala to become over active. So now the emotional part of the brain is controlling the rational part of the brain and so a person can’t just will themselves out of depression