Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ARP 2 > Dental + ENT > Flashcards

Dental + ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two different types of hearing impairment/loss?

A

Conductive

Sensorineural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

A

When there is a reduced transmission of soundwaves due to an abnormality of the outer or middle ear impairs conduction of soundwaves to oval window

example impacted earwax or FB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Whether the disorder of nerves of inner ear or CNS

example - congenital or prolonged exposure to excessive noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is conductive and sensorineural hearing loss investigated and what are the considerations you have to take in while taking images on patients?

A

 neither conductive or Sensorineural hearing loss is investigated routinely - as this is not visible on images

Must take into consideration is communication with patience when undertaking other scans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What infection is found in the ear?

A

Acute otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is acute otitis media?

A

This is an information of the middle ear due to upward spread of infection via auditory tube in patient with URTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a severe case of acute otitis media?

A

Infection may spread through temporal bone (as it is very thin) which can lead to a brain abscess and meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is acoustic neuroma?

A

It is a benign tumour cited in space from inner ear to brain - in the space is the vestibular and cochlear nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is acoustic neuroma also known as?

A

Vestibular schwannoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the Common symptoms of acoustic neuroma?

A

Uni sided hearing loss

Tinnitus left (sounds coming from within the body right)

Vertigo (feeling of moving or spinning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the indications/symptoms of a larger neuroma?

A

Persistent headaches

Double vision (often temporary)

Uni sided numbness or ataxia (coordination)

Hoarse voice or swallowing difficulty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What imaging modality is used to image and acoustic neuroma?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is MRI used to image and acoustic neuroma?

A

Provides excellent contrast between all of the soft tissues present

Sensitivity and specificity are variable

Contrast is definite, if Selectively used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Sinusitis?

A

Swelling of sinuses
Congested mucosa may cause blockage of openings between nose and sinuses preventing drainage of discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of sinusitis?

A

Facial pain and headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What may be the result of having repeated attacks of sinusitis?

A

It may result in the condition becoming chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are nasal polyps?

A

Abnormal tissue growth in nasal passages and sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the cause of sinusitis?

A

Infection
 The spread of microbes through the nose and pharynx to mucous membrane lining of sinuses.
Nasal polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?

A

Large diesel pops can block the nasal passage way and cause symptoms such as:
blocked nose

Runny nose

Snoring

Sinusitis

And the loss of smell and taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the cause of nasal polyps?

A

Caused by inflammation and thought to be associated with allergic rhinitis (hayfever) and asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How are nasal polyps diagnosed?

A

Endoscopy or CT

22
Q

How are polyps treated?

A

Corticosteroids or surgical excision

However they regularly grow back over time

23
Q

What is nasal and paranasal carcinoma?

A

It is nasal cancer (the most common is squamous cell carcinoma)

24
Q

What is the prevalence of paranasal and nasal carcinoma?

A

Nasal carcinoma is very rare
affect more males than females

25
Q

What are the symptoms of nasal and Paranasal carcinoma?

A

The symptoms depend on the location for example it may affect eyesight or smell

26
Q

What is the survival rate for a nasal and paranasal carcinoma?

A

Good survival rate (65% stage one after five years)

27
Q

What is the prevalence of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A

It’s very rare in the UK

It’s more common in men than women

28
Q

What are the risk factors of nasalpharangeal carcinoma?

A

Infection (some viruses link to Hodgkin lymphoma)

Smoking

Diet – particular with high salt and nitrates and nitrites

Genetics

Occupational: exposure to chemicals

Existing ENT conditions

Alcohol

29
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A

Lump/growth and neck area that stays longer than three weeks
Decreased hearing loss on one side
Tinnitus
Fluid in ear
Blocked or stuffy nose – particularly if it’s only on one side
Bloodstained discharge from your nose

30
Q

Laryngeals carcinoma what is the prevalence?

A

Uncommon in the UK

31
Q

What are the risk factors of laryngeal carcinoma?

A

Age – more common in older age

Smoking

Alcohol

Diet

HPV infection

Genetics

Low immunity example HIV or aids

Occupational exposure to chemicals

32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Laryngeal carcinoma?

A

Hoarse voice for more than three weeks

Dysphagia (Trouble swallowing)

Unexpected or Unintended weight loss

Long-term cough

Shortness of breath

33
Q

How does a calculi form?

A

Calculi (stones) Form in salivary glands by crystallisation of mineral salts in saliva

34
Q

What are the risks of having a calculi?

A

Can partially or completely blocked ducts

35
Q

What is the result of a calculi blocking ducts?

A

Can lead to painful swelling of gland
There is a predisposition to infection and in time atrophy (decrease in size of an organ or tissue; wasting)

36
Q

What is aetiology of a calculi?

A

Unknown

ha ha ha ha I got you

37
Q

What is an Adenoma?

A

A benign tumour - Most commonly found in parotid glands

Example pleomorphic slippery oedema

38
Q

What may happen years after the tumour is excised?

A

I second that each other may develop in the exact same gland years after

39
Q

 where is a malignant Carcinoma usually found?

Result of infiltration?

A

The parotids that may also occur in any salivary gland or duct

Infiltrate nerves and surrounding tissues which can cause severe pain

Lymph spread to cervical nodes

40
Q

What are we looking for on OPG?

A

Supernumerary teeth – hyperdontia
Overcrowding of teeth
Uninterrupted teeth – still in gum
Uninterrupted/impacted wisdom teeth
Infection or abscess teeth/roots
Subluxation of TMJs
Fracture of mandible


41
Q

What is a dental Caries Lesion?

A

It is the interaction of park with that hard Tissues - caries lesion

42
Q

What two factors determines the treatment of the dental caries?

A

The anatomical side of affected area what tooth and when it is on the tooth

The activity of the caries process example rampant caries - multiple active lesions

43
Q

What is dental radiography Valuable for and also not so valuable far?

A

Valuable for the anatomical site

Not so valuable for assessing activity

44
Q

Name different activities of caries:

A

 bitewing; multiple caries in crowns
Intraoral; root caries, extending into nerve
rampant caries - multiple active lesions

45
Q

What is a periapical abscess?

A

It is a result of a chronic localised infection located at the tip (apex) of the root of a tooth

46
Q

What is a malocclusion?

A

It’s the incorrect relationship between the maxilla and mandible or a general misalignment of the teeth; usually congenital
Contact between the upper and lower teeth is a regular with Jaw is closed

Bite of teeth not in contact

47
Q

Describe an overbite:

A

Top teeth protrude

48
Q

Describe an underbite:

A

Lower teeth protrude

49
Q

Describe a crossbite:

A

Teeth are malaligned in a criss-cross arrangement at the front

one top/bottom tooth in malalignment

Can be bilateral unilateral anterior or posterior

50
Q

What tooth are we referring to when we talk about the eights?

A

The wisdom teeth

ARP 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions