Bowel Patholgoes Flashcards
How is a bowel obstruction represented radiographically?
Dilated bowel loops
What is the aetiology and mortality rate of colorectal carcinoma?
The cause is thought to be due to refined diet, smoking, hereditary
Third largest of mortality rate in western world
How does a colorectal carcinoma begin?
Polyp
What does an apple core defect indicate pathology wise?
That it is a colorectal carcinoma
What are large bowel polyps A precursor to?
Colorectal carcinoma
What are the different ways a polyp can present?
It can be flat (carpet) or on a stalk
How easy is it to remove polyps in the bowel and what are the risk factors for it become a malignant?
Easy to remove once detected
Larger/flatter  The polyp the more chance of that become a malignant
What is a volvulus and what does it cause?
It’s only put bowel that has twisted on itself
Lack of blood flow to intestine
What are complications related to the volvulus?
Intestinal obstruction – 15% of all
Ischaemia
Gangrene
Necrosis
Perforation
Where is volvulus found?
The sigmoid colon is the most common site – Coffee bean sign
Jejunum
Ileum 
What is diverticular disease?
Multiple pouches - diverticulae
The condition of having diverticuli is diverticulosis
What is a diverticulum
Pouches in there colon that bulge out word through weakness in the bowel – each pouches called a diverticulum
Multiple pouches - diverticulae
What is the cause and risk factors?
Diverticular disease
The course is unknown although it is thought to be the western diet – low fibre intake – slow bowel transit – lack of exercise
Risk factors:
Increasing age and hereditary links
What are the complication/progress of diverticular disease?
One or two who scattered diverticulai (Number increases as Disease progresses)
Can bleed and cause pain
Can become inflamed – diverticulitis
Can become infected – abscess formation
Fistula is often connecting with the bladder
Can become speculated – strictures + obstruction
 radiographically – change from rounded patches to spicular
What is ulcerative colitis and what is the cause?
Inflammatory bowel disease; aetiology is unknown
