Dental Flashcards
What are the four types of teeth that dogs and cats have?
Incisors, canines, pre-molars, and molars
Student #11, JM
McCurnin 10th edition, page: 1116
Most mammals are diphyodonts; what does this mean?
They have two sets of teeth: deciduous (primary/baby teeth) and permanent (secondary/adult teeth)
Student #11, JM
McCurnin 10th edition, page: 1116
What is the dental formula for a dog (permanent teeth)?
2 x (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3) = 42 teeth
Student #11, JM
McCurnin 10th edition, page: 1116
What is the dental formula for a cat (permanent teeth)?
2 x (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1) = 30 teeth
Student #11, JM
McCurnin 10th edition, page: 1116
What are the incisors used for?
The incisors are the most forward teeth in the mouth and are used for cutting food.
Student #11, JM
McCurnin 10th edition, page: 1118
What is a dental pad?
A dental pad is the padded upper jaw present in ruminants. It acts as a food compressor and shears forage against the lowest incisors.
Student #10, AM
McCurnin 10th edition, page: 1118
What is malocclusion?
Malocclusion is the incorrect alignment of teeth or jaws.
Student #10, AM
McCurnin 10th edition, page: 1118
What are carnassial teeth?
Carnassial teeth are the largest shearing teeth of the upper and lower jaws in dogs and cats. They greatly contribute to mastication. Carnassial teeth of dogs and cats are the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar teeth.
Student #10, AM
McCurnin 10th edition, page: 1119
What is the dental formula for a horse?
Deciduous teeth 2 x (I 3/3, C 0/0, P 3/3) = 24 teeth
Permanent teeth 2 x (I 3/3, C 1/1 or 0/0, P 3 or 4/3 or 4, M 3/3) = 36-44 teeth
Student #10, AM
McCurnin 10th edition, page: 1117
What four supporting structures of the tooth compose the periodontium?
Periodontal ligament, gingival connective tissue, alveolar bone (forming the tooth socket), and cementum covering the surface of the root
Student #10, AM
McCurnin 10th edition, page: 1133
How many permanent teeth does an adult dog have?
42 teeth
Student #6, MH
McCurnin 10th edition, page 1117
What dental term is used to describe when the upper jaw is wider than lower jaw?
Anisognathism
Student #6, MH
McCurnin 10th edition, page 1119
What are some clinical or behavioral signs of oral disease?
-Pawing at the mouth
-Facial swelling
-Dropping food
-Face rubbing
-Unusual aggression
-Sneezing or snorting after eating or drinking
-Difficulty or pain when opening the mouth
-Anorexia
- Chattering of the lower jaw
- Dysphagia
- Ptyalism
-Oral bleeding
-Resenting touch or manipulation of the head
Student #6, MH
McCurnin 10th edition, page 1120
What is the goal of a dental radiograph?
The goal is to obtain a diagnostic image and must include 2-3 mm of bone around the apex of the tooth and the level of the alveolar bone. A radiograph showing the entire crown is not always necessary to ensure a diagnostic image.
Student #6, MH
McCurnin 10th edition, page 1132
What are the benefits of using regional nerve blocks for oral surgery?
The benefits include preemptive analgesia and the prevention of wind-up pain postoperatively. Nerve blocks also decrease the concentration of inhalant anesthetic gas needed during the procedure therefore safer and cost effective.
Student #6, MH
McCurnin 10th edition, page 1143
What teeth on the maxilla is the feline missing that the dog has?
105 and 205 (premolars), 110 and 210 (molars)
DM,12, McCurnin 10th Ed. Pg. 1119
What teeth on the mandible is the feline missing that the dog has?
405 and 305, 406 and 306 (premolars), 410 and 310, 411 and 311 (molars)
DM,12, McCurnin 10th Ed. Pg. 1119
What is the most commonly used numbering system?
The modified Triadan system?
TM, #7, McCurnin’s (electronic version) 10th ed. Location 55108 of 67848 (1 out of 5 cards)
Define aniosognathism
When the upper jaw is wider than the lower jaw
DM,12, McCurnin 10th Ed. Pg. 1119
How many cats are impacted by tooth resorption?
20-70%
DM,12, McCurnin 10th Ed. Pg. 1150
Is aniosognathism normal?
In most species, yes
DM,12, McCurnin 10th Ed. Pg. 1119
What is the name for properly aligned teeth where there is maximal function of all teeth with no occlusal trauma?
Scissors occlusion
TM, #7, McCurnin’s (electronic version) 10th ed. Location 55205 of 67847 (3 out of 5 cards)
When the mouth is closed, the mandibular canine tooth is _______ to the maxillary third incisor and _______ to the maxillary canine?
Distal, mesial
TM, #7, McCurnin’s (electronic version) 10th ed. Location 55205 of 67847 (4 out of 5 cards)
A dental exam begins with _______ assessment of the head, face, eyes, ears, and neck by using direct _______ visual observation, palpation, and smell.
Extraoral, visual
TM, #7, McCurnin’s (electronic version) 10th ed. Location 55331 of 67847 (5 out of 5 cards)
This sign be suggestive of an oronasal fistula
8 JM
Sneezing after drinking water
McCurnins 10th ed
pg 1120
Normal sulcus depth for dogs
8 JM
0-3mm
McCurnin’s 10th ed
pg 1128
Normal sulcus depth for cats
8 JM
0-1mm
McCurnin’s 10th ed
pg 1128
Periodontal instruments are held properly with this type of grip
8 JM
Modified pen grasp
McCurnin’s 10th Ed
pg 1128
Curettes are designed to be used
8 JM
Subgingivally
McCurnin’s 10th Ed
pg 1141
What steps can be taken for tongue and cheek chewing lesions?
If non-bilateral or ulcerated, removal and histopathy are suggested.
#11 ZZ
McCurnin 10th Ed Pg1126
What are clinical signs of periodontal disease?
13 TN McCurnin 10th Ed
Pawing at the mouth, dropping of food from the mouth, reluctance to eat, rubbing face along furniture, facial sensitivity
pg 1120
What is a risk of periodontal disease specific to small breed dogs?
13 TN McCurnin 10th Ed
Small breed dogs are commonly affected by bone loss, which can lead to fractures of the mandible
pg 1125
What are the benefits of powerscaling?
Reduces hand fatigue.
Reduces the anesthetic time for patients.
Causes less gingival damage.
The machine lavage is destructive to bacteria.
#11 ZZ
McCurnin 10th Ed Pg1152
What are rugae? How many are typical within the mouth?
13 TN McCurnin 10th Ed
Rugae are the raised ridges on the hard palate. There are typically 8-10 in number, depending on the size of dog
pg 1126
What is the grasping position dental instruments should be held in?
13 TN McCurnin 10th Ed
Modified pen grasp
pg 1128
What is the end goal of polishing?
To smooth any microscopic scratches made by the scaling process and to lift any remaining stains.
#11 ZZ
McCurnin 10th Ed Pg1143
What angle should the toothbrush be held (relative to the bristles) against a pet’s tooth to get under the sulcus?
A 45 degree angle.
#11 ZZ
McCurnin 10th Ed Pg1147
What are signs of a safe toy for dental care in dogs?
Flexible, bent with a hand, and easily indented with a fingernail.
#11 ZZ
McCurnin 10th Ed Pg1148
For what teeth should the parallel technique be used when taking dental radiographs?
4 JG
The parallel technique can be used only on the mandibular teeth, caudal to the mandibular fourth premolar where the sensor can easily glide between the jaw and the tongue.
Beal, A., & Wortinger, A. (2022). Pharmacology and Pharmacy. In Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses (10th ed., p. 1133). Elsevier.
In what situation would the bisecting angle technique should be used instead of the parallel technique when taking dental radiographs?
4 JG
The bisecting angle should be used when radiographing the symphysis at the rostral portion of the mandible and the flat palate of the maxilla so that dental structures are not distorted as they otherwise would be if the parallel technique were to be used.
Beal, A., & Wortinger, A. (2022). Pharmacology and Pharmacy. In Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses (10th ed., p. 1133). Elsevier.
There is a wide variety of different dental hand instruments, but they all have the same components of the working end. For example, a probe may be blunt while an explorer is pointed. What are the parts of the working end of a dental hand instrument?
4 JG
The face, cutting edges, lateral sides, the back, and the toe (Figure 35.37)
Beal, A., & Wortinger, A. (2022). Pharmacology and Pharmacy. In Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses (10th ed., p. 1140). Elsevier.
Describe the different classifications of periodontal disease.
4 JG
PD 0: clinically normal
PD 1: gingivitis with no attachment loss
PD 2: less than 25% attachment loss
PD 3: 25% to 50% attachment loss
PD 4: greater than 50% attachment loss
Beal, A., & Wortinger, A. (2022). Pharmacology and Pharmacy. In Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses (10th ed., p. 1145). Elsevier.
Infundibular decay occurs when a carious lesion forms in the infoldings of the occlusal surface of the incisors and cheek teeth. What tooth is infundibular decay in horses most likely to affect?
4 JG Beal, A., & Wortinger, A. (2022). Pharmacology and Pharmacy. In Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses (10th ed., p.1159). Elsevier.
The maxillary first molar
What is Periodontium?
A term that describes the supporting structures of the teeth.
Student #3, AF
McCurnin 10th Edition page 1125
What does CUPS stand for?
Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis.
Student #3, AF
McCurnin 10th Edition page 1126
What does LPS stand for?
Lymphocytic Plasmocytic Stomatitis.
Student #3, AF
McCurnin 10th Edition page 1127
What is the Bass technique of tooth brushing?
1 CE
The Bass technique of tooth brushing places the bristles of the brush at a 45° angle against the tooth along the gingival margin to enable some bristles to slide into the sulcus.
McCurnin 10th Edition page 1147
What is Periodontal Debridement?
The term is used to refer to non-surgical instrumentation that focuses on the removal of hard and soft deposits from supragingival and subgingival surfaces of teeth, along with the disruption of nonadherent bacteria within the sulcus.
Student #3, AF
McCurnin 10th Edition page 1135
What is a distoclusion?
1 CE
A Class 2 malocclusion is often referred to as a distoclusion otherwise an overjet or overshot often referred incorrectly as an overbite. A distoclusion is where the mandible is relatively shorter than the maxilla
McCurnin 10th Edition page 1152
What kind of skull shape do sighthound breeds have? What about dogs like pugs?
1 CE
Sighthounds such as greyhounds have a skull shap known as dolichocephalic, where breeds like pugs are called brachycephalic.
McCurnin 10th Edition page 1152
What is one way/technique that can be used to stablize a mandibular fracture in a younge dog?
1 CE
A tape muzzle can be used to stablize a fractured mandible.
McCurnin 10th Edition page 1156
What is wry nose in foals?
1 CE
Wry nose is a deviation of the incisive bone maxilla and nasal septum laterally from the midline.
McCurnin 10th Edition page 1158
What is the difference between brachydont and hypsodont teeth?
- Brachydont: relatively small and distinct crown compared to the root. The apices of the root are opened for a small period during eruption and development.
- Hypsodont: comparatively large reserve crown beneath the gingival margin and root structure which allows for continued growth and eruption during the animal’s life.
AF #2, McCurnin’s Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses – 10th Edition (Chapter 35, Page 1116)
What is dental formula for canines?
- Deciduous Teeth 2 x (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/3) = 28 teeth
- Permanent Teeth 2 x (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3) = 42 teeth
AF #2, McCurnin’s Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses – 10th Edition (Chapter 35, Page 1117)
Which teeth are the carnassial teeth of dogs and cats?
Maxillary fourth premolar and mandibular first molar
AF #2, McCurnin’s Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses – 10th Edition (Chapter 35, Page 1119)
What is abnormal pocket probing depth for dogs and cats?
- Dogs: greater than 3mm
- Cats: greater than 1mm
AF #2, McCurnin’s Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses – 10th Edition (Chapter 35, Page 1129)
What is the definition of abrasion versus attrition?
- Abrasion: tooth wear associated with aggressive chewing on external objects (toys, rocks)
- Attrition: tooth wear associated with tooth-to-tooth contact over time (malocclusion, trauma)
AF #2, McCurnin’s Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses – 10th Edition (Chapter 35, Page 1130)
What are the major paired salivary glands in dogs and cats?
9 RP, McCurnin 10th Ed, pg 1124
mandibular, sublingual, zygomatic and parotid glands
How can an ultrasonic scaler damage enamel?
9 RP, McCurnin 10th Ed, pg 1134
if directed onto the tooth at an 90 degree angle
what are 2 pros to using regional blocks during dentals?
9 RP, McCurnin 10th Ed, pg 1148
- lower inhalant gas requirements
- post- op pain management
define endodontics
9 RP, McCurnin 10th Ed, pg 1148
a subspecialty of dentistry that deals with Tx of inside the tooth (pulp) and periapical tissues
complications from exodontics (extractions) include:
9 RP, McCurnin 10th Ed, pg 1148
hemorrhage, ocular trauma, jaw fracture and displacement of root
