Demography - Migration Flashcards
What is migration?
The movement of people =
- can be internal (within a country).
- can be international.
What is immigration?
Movements into a society (into a country).
What is emigration?
Moving out of a society (out a country).
What is net migration?
Difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants.
What part of the population does migration affect?
- Age.
- Size.
- Dependency ratio.
What was the trend of migration before the 1980s?
More emigrants than immigrants in the UK.
From 1900 - the 1940s, what was the largest immigrant groups in the UK?
Irish, European Jews and British decent from Canada and the USA.
- Very few immigrants were non-white.
Which point did non-white immigrants begin to enter the UK?
1950s - 70s.
- from the Carribean, Africa and South Asia.
In 2011, what percentage of the population were ethnic minority groups?
14%.
What has been a result of minority ethnic groups immigrating into the UK?
Greater family diversity, and a more diverse society.
What was the impact on non-white immigrants from 1962 - 1990?
Severe restrictions, despite immigration and nationality acts.
Where have most emigrants settled since 1900?
- USA.
- Canada.
- Australia.
- New Zealand.
- South Africa.
What has been the main reason for emigration?
The economy.
- ‘Push’/’Pull’ factors.
What are the ‘push’ factors for emigration?
Recession and unemployment in the UK.
What are the ‘pull’ factors for emigration?
Better pay and opportunities abroad.
What are some non-economical reasons for migration?
- Flee political or ethnic persecution (e.g. Holocaust).
What is the trend of the UK population?
Currently growing, partly a result of immigration.
What has happened to the net migration of the UK?
High - more immigrants than emigrants.
What statistics show more immigration than emigration in the UK?
In 2014 =
- Net migration = 260,000.
- Immigration = 583,000.
- Emigration = 323,000.
What is the ethnic differences between the UK immigrants in 2014?
- Non-EU = 47%.
- EU = 38%.
- British returning the UK = 14%.
Has how immigration impacted the birth rate?
- Births of British mothers = remain low.
- Births of non-British mothers = 25% of all births.
How has immigration impacted the average age of the population in the UK?
1) . Directly =
- In 2011:
- Average age of UK passport holders = 41.
- Non-UK passport holders = 31.
- This has lowered the average age.
2) . Indirectly =
- As immigrants are younger, they produce more babies (more fertile), so lower the average age.
What are the 3 effects immigration has had on the dependency ratio?
1) . Immigrants are younger, so lower the dependency ratio.
2) . But have more children, so increase dependency ratio.
3) . Longer they stay, the closer they become to the national average fertility rate, lowering the ratio.
