Demography - Births Flashcards
What does demography study?
Population, including factors affecting its size and growth.
What factors affect the population?
1) . Births and immigration = increase the population.
2) . Deaths and emigration = decrease the population.
What is natural change?
The number of births minus the number of deaths.
(deaths over births).
What is net migration?
The number of immigrating into a country minus the number emigrating from it.
(immigration over emigration).
How much has the UK’s population grew by since 1901?
From 37m to 65m today.
What is the main cause in the growth of population in the UK?
Natural change rather than net migration.
What are the 2 measures of births?
1) . The birth rate.
2) . The total fertility rate.
What is the birth rate?
The number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year.
What is the trend in the birth rate?
- Declining.
What statistics support the long-term decline in the birth rate?
1900 = 29.
2014 = 12.2 (fallen more than 60%).
What fluctuations have there been in the birth rate?
3 ‘baby booms’?
- After the world wars = people missed their families.
- Then in the 1960s.
What else happened to the birth rate?
Fell in 70s, rose again in 80s and 90s, fell again until 2001.
What is the total fertility rate?
The average number of children a mother will have during her fertile years (15-44).
What is the trend of the total fertility rate?
- 1960s ‘baby boom’ =
average 2.95 children per women.
- 2001 =
declining to the lowest of 1.63.
- 2014 =
rising slightly to 1.83.
How does the total fertility rate affect family size?
The more children, the bigger the family.