demography Flashcards
what is birth rate?
the number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
what is the general trend in birth rate?
decline
Why is birth rate declining?
contraception is more available.
women’s role is changing.
decreasing infant mortality rate.
growth of child centeredness.
economic factors.
what is total fertility rate?
the average number of children a woman will have during her child bearing years.
what are a woman’s child bearing years?
15-45 years of age
what is the trend in total fertility rate?
decline
why is there a decline in total fertility rate?
contraception is available.
women delaying pregnancy.
changing social attitudes to motherhood and pregnancy.
What is death rate?
the number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year
what is the trend in death rates?
declining
Why is the death rate decreasing?
improved nutrition.
better healthcare.
improved public health.
decline in dangerous jobs.
life style changes.
what is life expectancy?
the average number of years a person can expect to live within a specific culture and gender
what is the trend in life expectancy?
increasing
why is life expectancy increasing?
decreased infant mortality.
less dangerous working conditions.
better health care and nutrition.
social care facilities.
what is infant mortality rate?
the number of deaths of children before their first birthday per 1000 live births per year.
what is the trend in the infant mortality rate?
declining
why is the infant mortality rate declining?
improved housing and sanitation.
better nutrition.
improved pre and post natal understanding.
improved health of mothers.
improved knowledge of hygiene.
what is an ageing population?
the extent to which a population, is living longer but are not matched by the number of new births.
what is the trend if the ageing population?
increasing
why is the ageing population widening?
increased life expectancy.
declining infant mortality rate.
declining fertility.
what are the impacts of the trends of birth rate, total fertility rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, life expectancy and the ageing population?
smaller families.
unbalanced dependency ratio.
fewer schools needed.
fewer health and maternity services required.
vanishing children- lonely childhoods.
increasing single person households.
policy changes, like pensions and social housing.
what is migration?
the movement of peoples from one place to another, it can be the same country or to another.
What is the trend in migration?
Inceeasing
Why is migration increasing?
PUSH FACTORS- poverty, war, lack of jobs etc
PULL FACTORS- welfare state, education, standard of living etc
legislation, border control and globalisation
what impact does the trend of migration have?
cultural diversity, dual heritage and hybrid identities
what is the dependency ratio?
an age population ratio of those typically not in the labour force and those typically in the labour force.
what is ageism?
prejudice or discrimination on the grounds of one’s age.
What is structural dependency?
The process by which some people in society receive an unequal share in the results of social production.
What is net migration?
the difference in the number of people leaving compared to the number entering a given country.
what is immigration?
moving into a country that is not your country of origin
what is emigration?
leaving your country of origin to go to another country.
What is globalisation?
the growing interconnectedness of cultures and societies around the world, due to technological advances.
