Demography Flashcards
What is the definition of Birth Rate
The number of live births per 1000 of the population a year.
What is the definition of Infant Mortality Rate
The number of infants who die before their first birthday per 1000 born alive each year.
What is the definition of Total Fertility Rate?
The average number of children a woman will have during her fertile years.
What is the definition of Death Rate?
Number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year.
What is the definition of Emigration?
Movement of people out of an area, society or country.
What is the definition of Immigration?
Movement of people into an area or a country.
What is an ageing population?
A population where the amount of old people is growing and amount of Young people declining.
What is the Dependancy ratio?
Relationshipbetween the size of the working population and the non working/dependent population.
What are some reasons for the decline in birthrate?
Decline in infant mortality cause of better housing, nutrition and services
changes in positions of women as they more career focused and financially independent and have access to abortions and contraception so can choose to have a child
Child centred family’s, children seen as economic burden as child labour no longer a thing and costs average of £81,000 pounds
What are some reason for the decrease in death rate?
Less infectious diseases with Tronter saying over 3/4 of decline of death rate was due to fall in deaths from infectious diseases
Improved nutrition,
medical improvements especially after 1950 which played huge role in reducing infectious diseases and NHS in 1948
Public health acts like sewage in 1875 and clean air acts helped reduced death rates
What was the average age of a person in the UK? (2020)
40.4 years old.
What does Lawton (2013) argue that the ageing population and the economy?
It boosts it as the older generation have more spare income and help boost markets like tourism and culture.
How does the ageing population have a positive impact on the community?
They organise and take part in community events
Taking party survey found nearly 4.9 mill over 65 people took part in volunteer work or civic engagement helping bring communities together
How does the Ageing population negatively shift the Dependancy Ratio?
More retiring and pension relying old people means more younger people have to work to support and pay for what the older generation takes out
Could also lead rising taxes or withdrawing free services for older people eg free tv license in 2020
What do Marxist argue about an ageing population?
That they create more poverty with pensions which negatively affects the working class, with more than 1.6 mill pensioners living below the poverty line in 2013.
How do Pensioner One person households negatively affect society?
They’re lonely and would rely on family to visit and they also lead to housing shortage.
Also means increase in single person households
How does an ageing population put pressure on health services?
Ageing brings diseases, illness and mobility issues. Putting pressure on NHS and other health services.
Health and social care information centre found over 65’d occupied half the time people spent in hospitals and 60% of drugs prescribed
How does ageism affect the view of old people in western society’s?
People view elderly as incompetent and a burden unlike Eastern society’s. Lots of negative discourse about old people due to this.
What are beanpole families
A family typed with vertical extended families
Each generation consist of one child and this family is in the increase cause of lower birth rates
How does immigration effect society
Increases population
Lowers average age
Decreases Dependancy ratio as they more likely to be working age but also have more children increasing it
How has globalaistion affected migration
Over half of migrants are women do more women in workforce and given stereotypical low paid women jobs
Become more politicised after events like Syrian war
