Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro 3 > Dementia Conference > Flashcards

Dementia Conference Flashcards

1
Q

What are features of visuospatial difficulties?

A

Loss of position in space => afraid of getting lost, forgetting where they are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Location of lesion that causes visuospatial difficulties

A

Right parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 signs of right parietal lobe dysfunction

A
  • visuospatial difficulties

- left sided neglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is one of the first clinically detectable signs of Parkinsons?

A

Loss of smell

  • can occur almost 20 years before onset of symptoms
  • obv not pathognomonic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acting out dreams is a sign of what?

A

Acting out dreams = REM sleep behavior disorder

-early sign of Parkinsons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Features of executive function loss?

A

Inability to organize or sequence tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Besides N/V what is a big long lasting side effect of dopaminergic meds?

A

Impulse control disorders
-compulsive eating, gambling shopping, sex, inernet use

DAWS = dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome
-addiction to dopamine agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe DAWS

A

DAWS = dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome
-mimics cocaine withdrawal

  • fatigue, malaise
  • anxiety, dysphoria
  • irritability, agitation
  • sleep disturbance
  • restlessness
  • drug cravings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does DAWS mimic

A

Cocaine withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Consequence of DAWS

A

Because of DAWS, some pts can never stop taking dopamine agonists => thus ppl may experience permanent ICDs (impulse control disorders)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Memantine

A

= Namenda
-NMDA receptor antagonist

Indication: Alzheimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 non-dopaminergic drugs for Parkinson’s

A
  • anticholinergics
  • amantadine
  • MAO-Is
  • COMT inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mechanism of anticholinergics for PD

A
  • correct the so-called “dopamine-acetylcholine imbalance”

- Mild symptomatic benefit w/ numerous side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Main side effects of anticholinergics

A
  • constipation
  • dry mouth, dry eyes
  • memory impairment
  • confusion/psychosis
  • urinary retention
  • blurry vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is amantadine most helpful in treating?

A

Amantadine: mild benefit, but helpful for treating dyskinesias in Parkinsons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tolerability of Amantadine

A

Poorly tolerated- many side-effects

  • anticholinergic side effects
  • edema
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • rash

‘dirty drug’

17
Q

Mechanism of amantadine

A
  • weak NMDA receptor antagonist
  • increases dopamine release
  • blocks dopamine reuptake

‘dirty drug’

18
Q

Which MAO inhibitors are best in the treatment of Parkinsons?

A

MAO-B inhibitors

-can be used alone or combined/synergistically w/ levodopa

19
Q

Tolerability of MAO-B inhibitors

A

Generally very well tolerated

20
Q

Mechanism of MAO-B inhibitors

A

Reduce the breakdown of endogenous and exogenous dopamine

-Recall: MAO as enzyme in presynaptic neuront hat breaks down recycled dopamine

21
Q

Function of COMT inhibitors in Parkinsons therapy

A

-used as adjunctive therapy to reduce wearing off (not effect as monotherapy)

22
Q

COMT inhibitor mechanism

A

COMT inhibitors work synergistically w/ carbidopa

-blocks paths for peripheral breakdown of levodopa

23
Q

Side effect of COMT-inhibitors

A

Potentiation of levodopa side effects

  • urine discoloration (red)
  • diarrhea (can be explosive)
24
Q

Location of deep brain stimulation for PD

A 
Mostly STN (subthalamic nucleus)
-then also GPi (globus pallidus internus)
25
Q

Mechanism of deep brain stimulation for PD

A

Correction of the overactivity in either the STN or GPi

26
Q

3 mechanistic features of Huntington’s disease

A
  • death of specific striatal medium spiny neurons of the indirect pathway
  • loss of striatal projections to the GPe
  • disinhibition of the thalamus
27
Q

Mainstay of Huntington’s treatment

A
  • dopamine depleters and receptor blockers

- DRBA = dopamine receptor blocking agents

28
Q

Haloperidol/haldol

A

= DRBA = dopamine receptor blocking agent

-for chorea in huntington’s

29
Q

Side effects of haloperidol

A
  • tardive dyskinesia (doens’t go away when drug stopped)
  • drug-indudced Parkinsonism
  • acute dystonic reaction
  • akasthisa (motor restlessness)
30
Q

Akasthisia

A

motor restless

-side effect of dopamine blockade

31
Q

2 drugs to treat chorea in HD

A
  • Haloperidol (DRBA)

- Tetrabenzine

32
Q

Function of tetrabenazine

A

-treat chorea and motor impersistence Huntington’s

33
Q

Mechanism of tetrabenazine

A

blocks transport of monoamines into synapticvesicles = depletes DA, 5HT, and NE

34
Q

Which Huntington’s disease drug is associated w/ tardive dyskinesia?

A

Haloperidol/Haldol

35
Q

Which Huntington’s disease drug is NOT associated w/ tardive dyskinesia?

A

Tetrabenazine

benefit of tetrabenazine over haloperidol = doesn’t appear to cause TD

Neuro 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions