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Neuro 3 > Conferences/Rapidfire > Flashcards

Conferences/Rapidfire Flashcards

1
Q

Example of how to test attention

A

Ask for days of the week backwards

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2
Q

Triad for LBD

A

Parkinsonism + prominent dementia + visual hallucinations

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3
Q

How to distinguish LBD from Parkinsons disease dementia

A

LBD has visual hallucinations and fluctuations, PDD does not

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4
Q

Evidence of vascular dementia on MRI

A

Decrease in white matter

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5
Q

Distinguish vascular dementia from Alzheimer’s

A

Vascular dementia usually a step-wise decline in cognition, specific events (lacunar strokes) associated w/ significant declines

While AD has more of a gradual cognitive decline

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6
Q

Timeline of prion disease

A

Decrease of cognition w/in weeks

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7
Q

Two infectious causes of dementia

A

Syphilis and HIV

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8
Q

Intoxication cause of dementia

A

Wernicke-Kosakoff (B1 deficiency due to chronic alcoholism)

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9
Q

How can trauma cause dementia

A

TBI => axonal shearing

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10
Q

What parts of the brain are involved in working memory vs. forming new memories

A
  • Problems in frontal lobe => problems w/ working memory

- Problem in hippocampus => problems forming new memories

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11
Q

Two Parkinsonian plus syndromes w/ eye involvement

A
  • PSP (progressive supranuclear palsy): vertical gaze palsy

- MSA (multiple system atrophy): autonomic dysregulation

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12
Q

Clinical Hallmark of PSP

A
  • vertical gaze palsy

- falls

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13
Q

Clinical Hallmark of MSA

A

Dysautonomia (autonomic dysregulation)

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14
Q

Clinical Hallmark of CBD

A

CBD = corticobasal ganglionic degeneration

Hallmark = alien limb

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15
Q

What non-Parkinsonian cause of dementia

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff = 6th nerve palsy

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16
Q

Clinical Hallmark of Wernicke-Korsakoff

A

6th nerve palsy + confabulation (making shit up)

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17
Q

Clinical Hallmark of NPH (normal pressure hydrocephalus)

A

Dementia, urinary incontinence, magnetic gait

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18
Q

What is magnetic gait? What is it indicative of?

A

Magnetic gait = can’t lift legs off the floor (so basically shuffle w/ feat on the floor)

-indicative of normal pressure hydrocephalus

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19
Q

Speech problem w/

  • good comprehension
  • non-fluent speech
  • poor repetition
A

Broca’s aphasia

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20
Q

Speech problem w/

  • good comprehension
  • fluent speech
  • poor repetition
A

Conduction aphasia

-lesion of arcuate fasciculus

21
Q

Speech problem w/

  • good comprehension
  • non-fluent speech
  • good repetition
A

Transcortical motor aphasia

  • stroke of watershed area of anterior superior frontal lobe (btwn ACA and MCA territories)
  • non-fluent speech due to frontal lobe damage
  • repetition preserved since arcuate fascicules is intact
22
Q

Speech problem w/

  • poor comprehension
  • fluent speech
  • poor repetition
A

Wernicke’s aphasia

23
Q

Speech problem w/

  • poor comprehension
  • fluent speech
  • good repetition
A

Transcortical sensory aphasia

  • due to damage in specific areas of the temporal lobe
  • differentiated from receptive (Wernicke’s aphasia) b/c of intact repetition
24
Q

Speech problem w/

  • poor comprehension
  • non-fluent speech
  • good repetition
A

Mixed transcortical aphasia

  • severe speaking and comprehension impairment w/ preserved repetition
  • Broca’s, Wernicke,s and arcuate fasciculus are intact but the watershed region around them is damaged
25
What diagnoses match these PET scan findings (a) reduced uptake in bilateral parietal lobes (b) reduced uptake in frontal and temporal lobes
PET scans showing glucose uptake (activity) of brain areas (a) reduced uptake in bilateral parietal lobes = Alzheimer's disease (b) reduced uptake in frontal and temporal lobes = Frontotemporal dementia
26
What lesion causes alexia w/o agraphia
Posterior occipital lesion involving the corpus callosum -left PCA stroke (occipital stroke)
27
What lesion causes left hemispatial neglect
Right parietal lesion
28
TDP-43 mutation
Frontotemporal dementia
29
What diagnosis is a low volume and low prosidy voice a feature of?
Parkinsons - low voice - monotonous
30
What is Lance Adams?
post anoxic myoclonus
31
Distinguish chorea and myoclonus
Myoclonus much fasters (lightening-jerk) movements, chorea more of a writhing unpatterned dance
32
What is the most common cause of myoclonus
Medication induced
33
What is a tic highly associated w/
OCD and ADHD
34
Wing beating tremor
Wilson's disease
35
Giant panda findings on MRI
Wilson's disease | -red nuclei in midbrain preserved w/ white matter abnormalities around it
36
Distinguish dystonia from myoclonus and chorea
Dystonia- usually twisting movement - slower than myoclonus - more sustained than chorea
37
Treatment for Sinemet-induced dyskinesia
Sinemet = combo of Levadopa and another to prevent peripheral breakdown of levadopa -treat the dyskinesia induced by leveling out the dopamine levels => give small doses of L-DOPDA evenly throughout the day
38
Distinguish chorea and dystonia
Chorea- more flitting, not sure what will move next Dystonia- more repetitive and patterned (you know what will move next)
39
Why is it important to distinguish btwn chorea and dystonia?
B/c if chorea- need to worry about antibody-mediated processes (autoimmune, paraneoplastic)
40
Motor impersistence
= Chorea | =Huntingtons
41
Essential tremor
- intention tremor - chronic evelopment - worsens w/ age
42
What is REM sleep disorder indicative of?
REM sleep disorder- such as acting out dreams, indicative of Parkinsons
43
Common feature of treatment for atypical Parkinsonism
Lack of response to levodopa
44
What is orthostatic hypotension indicative of when present with Parkinsonian symptoms
Dysautonomia (autonomic dysregulation), possibly MSA if other features present
45
What clinical features are red flags for atypical Parkinsonism?
Extraocular movement issues, dementia/hallucinations
46
Parkinsons vs. Parkinsons plus general symptom
Parkinsons has atypical symptoms while Parkinsons plus can be more bilateral
47
Delirium vs. Dementia
Delirium- acute, fluctuating level of consciousness and attemtion Dementia- overall decline over tiem
48
What are you looking for on MRI to diagnose Huntington's?
- Dilated frontal horns of lateral ventricles | - atrophied caudate

Neuro 3 (7 decks)

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