Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro 3 > Conferences/Rapidfire > Flashcards

Conferences/Rapidfire Flashcards

1
Q

Example of how to test attention

A

Ask for days of the week backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Triad for LBD

A

Parkinsonism + prominent dementia + visual hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to distinguish LBD from Parkinsons disease dementia

A

LBD has visual hallucinations and fluctuations, PDD does not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Evidence of vascular dementia on MRI

A

Decrease in white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Distinguish vascular dementia from Alzheimer’s

A

Vascular dementia usually a step-wise decline in cognition, specific events (lacunar strokes) associated w/ significant declines

While AD has more of a gradual cognitive decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Timeline of prion disease

A

Decrease of cognition w/in weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two infectious causes of dementia

A

Syphilis and HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intoxication cause of dementia

A

Wernicke-Kosakoff (B1 deficiency due to chronic alcoholism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can trauma cause dementia

A

TBI => axonal shearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What parts of the brain are involved in working memory vs. forming new memories

A
  • Problems in frontal lobe => problems w/ working memory

- Problem in hippocampus => problems forming new memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two Parkinsonian plus syndromes w/ eye involvement

A
  • PSP (progressive supranuclear palsy): vertical gaze palsy

- MSA (multiple system atrophy): autonomic dysregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical Hallmark of PSP

A
  • vertical gaze palsy

- falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical Hallmark of MSA

A

Dysautonomia (autonomic dysregulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical Hallmark of CBD

A

CBD = corticobasal ganglionic degeneration

Hallmark = alien limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What non-Parkinsonian cause of dementia

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff = 6th nerve palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clinical Hallmark of Wernicke-Korsakoff

A

6th nerve palsy + confabulation (making shit up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical Hallmark of NPH (normal pressure hydrocephalus)

A

Dementia, urinary incontinence, magnetic gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is magnetic gait? What is it indicative of?

A

Magnetic gait = can’t lift legs off the floor (so basically shuffle w/ feat on the floor)

-indicative of normal pressure hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Speech problem w/

  • good comprehension
  • non-fluent speech
  • poor repetition
A

Broca’s aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Speech problem w/

  • good comprehension
  • fluent speech
  • poor repetition
A

Conduction aphasia

-lesion of arcuate fasciculus

21
Q

Speech problem w/

  • good comprehension
  • non-fluent speech
  • good repetition
A

Transcortical motor aphasia

  • stroke of watershed area of anterior superior frontal lobe (btwn ACA and MCA territories)
  • non-fluent speech due to frontal lobe damage
  • repetition preserved since arcuate fascicules is intact
22
Q

Speech problem w/

  • poor comprehension
  • fluent speech
  • poor repetition
A

Wernicke’s aphasia

23
Q

Speech problem w/

  • poor comprehension
  • fluent speech
  • good repetition
A

Transcortical sensory aphasia

  • due to damage in specific areas of the temporal lobe
  • differentiated from receptive (Wernicke’s aphasia) b/c of intact repetition
24
Q

Speech problem w/

  • poor comprehension
  • non-fluent speech
  • good repetition
A

Mixed transcortical aphasia

  • severe speaking and comprehension impairment w/ preserved repetition
  • Broca’s, Wernicke,s and arcuate fasciculus are intact but the watershed region around them is damaged
25
Q

What diagnoses match these PET scan findings

(a) reduced uptake in bilateral parietal lobes
(b) reduced uptake in frontal and temporal lobes

A

PET scans showing glucose uptake (activity) of brain areas

(a) reduced uptake in bilateral parietal lobes = Alzheimer’s disease
(b) reduced uptake in frontal and temporal lobes = Frontotemporal dementia

26
Q

What lesion causes alexia w/o agraphia

A

Posterior occipital lesion involving the corpus callosum

-left PCA stroke (occipital stroke)

27
Q

What lesion causes left hemispatial neglect

A

Right parietal lesion

28
Q

TDP-43 mutation

A

Frontotemporal dementia

29
Q

What diagnosis is a low volume and low prosidy voice a feature of?

A

Parkinsons

  • low voice
  • monotonous
30
Q

What is Lance Adams?

A

post anoxic myoclonus

31
Q

Distinguish chorea and myoclonus

A

Myoclonus much fasters (lightening-jerk) movements, chorea more of a writhing unpatterned dance

32
Q

What is the most common cause of myoclonus

A

Medication induced

33
Q

What is a tic highly associated w/

A

OCD and ADHD

34
Q

Wing beating tremor

A

Wilson’s disease

35
Q

Giant panda findings on MRI

A

Wilson’s disease

-red nuclei in midbrain preserved w/ white matter abnormalities around it

36
Q

Distinguish dystonia from myoclonus and chorea

A

Dystonia- usually twisting movement

  • slower than myoclonus
  • more sustained than chorea
37
Q

Treatment for Sinemet-induced dyskinesia

A

Sinemet = combo of Levadopa and another to prevent peripheral breakdown of levadopa

-treat the dyskinesia induced by leveling out the dopamine levels => give small doses of L-DOPDA evenly throughout the day

38
Q

Distinguish chorea and dystonia

A

Chorea- more flitting, not sure what will move next

Dystonia- more repetitive and patterned (you know what will move next)

39
Q

Why is it important to distinguish btwn chorea and dystonia?

A

B/c if chorea- need to worry about antibody-mediated processes (autoimmune, paraneoplastic)

40
Q

Motor impersistence

A

= Chorea

=Huntingtons

41
Q

Essential tremor

A
  • intention tremor
  • chronic evelopment
  • worsens w/ age
42
Q

What is REM sleep disorder indicative of?

A

REM sleep disorder- such as acting out dreams, indicative of Parkinsons

43
Q

Common feature of treatment for atypical Parkinsonism

A

Lack of response to levodopa

44
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension indicative of when present with Parkinsonian symptoms

A

Dysautonomia (autonomic dysregulation), possibly MSA if other features present

45
Q

What clinical features are red flags for atypical Parkinsonism?

A

Extraocular movement issues, dementia/hallucinations

46
Q

Parkinsons vs. Parkinsons plus general symptom

A

Parkinsons has atypical symptoms while Parkinsons plus can be more bilateral

47
Q

Delirium vs. Dementia

A

Delirium- acute, fluctuating level of consciousness and attemtion

Dementia- overall decline over tiem

48
Q

What are you looking for on MRI to diagnose Huntington’s?

A
  • Dilated frontal horns of lateral ventricles

- atrophied caudate

Neuro 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions