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MS4 - Psychiatry > Dementia and Delirium > Flashcards

Dementia and Delirium Flashcards

1
Q

Dementia definition

A

Affects > 1 cognitive function
Acquired
Progressive

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2
Q

Types of dementia

A 
Alzheimer's disease
Vascular dementia
Mixed AD and VD
Lewy Body dementia
Frontotemporal dementia

(Type only diagnosed post mortem)

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3
Q

Alzheimer’s disease; Epi? Pathophysiology?

A

Most common dementia - 50% of cases
Cholinergic deficit
Beta amyloid and Tau

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4
Q

RFs for Alzheimer’s

A 
Age
F
Head injury
Downs syndrome
FH
Smoking
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5
Q

Protective factors for dementia

A

Cognitive activity

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6
Q

Diagnosing dementia

A

Hx - probable diagnoses given
Ix - rule out other causes
Cognitive tests

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7
Q

Features of Lewy body dementia

A

Fluctuating cognition
Visual hallucinations
Motor features of parkinsonism

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8
Q

Frontotemporal dementia epidemiology

A

Females more common

45-60 yrs

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9
Q

Neuropathology of frontotemporal dementia

A

Pick cells
Pick bodies
Knife blade atrophy

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10
Q

Features of frontotemporal dementia

A

Early personality disturbances
Mood changes
Cognitive impairment

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11
Q

Mild cognitive impairment

A

Only 1 cognitive function affected

Increases risk of dementia

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12
Q

Treatable causes of dementia

A

Hypothyroid
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Thiamine deficiency
B12 / folate deficiency

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13
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Reversible thiamine deficiency

Leads to Korsakoff’s psychosis of untreated

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14
Q

Korsakoff’s psychosis

A

Permanent brain dysfunction

Due to thiamine deficiency

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15
Q

Cause of thiamine deficiency

A

Chronic alcohol excess

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16
Q

Mx of Alzheimer’s disease

A

Galantamine
Donepezil
Rivastigmine

Memantine - if severe

17
Q

Mx of Lewy Body dementia

A

Galantamine
Donepezil
Rivastigmine

18
Q

Galantamine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Cognitive enhancer

19
Q

Donepezil

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Cognitive enhancer

20
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

21
Q

Memantine

A

Non-competitive glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist

Cognitive enhancer

22
Q

Delirium definition

A

Impaired conscious / cognition
Acute onset
Hallucinations
Impaired memory

23
Q

Causes of delirium

A

PINCH ME

Pain
Infection
Nutrition
Constipation
Hydration / Hypoxia

Medication
Environment

24
Q

Circumlocution

A

Saying many words where fewer are required

Talking around a subject because they can’t quite remember the word they want to say

25
Q

Confabulation

A

Memory impairment so fill in gaps with fabricated memories

MS4 - Psychiatry (15 decks)

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