Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

risk factors for dementia

A

CV diseases, head trauma, genetics

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2
Q

CV risk factors for dementia

A

DM, HTN, stroke, CAD, smoking, high cholesterol & triglycerides

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3
Q

PET scan

A

differentiates alzheimer’s from other types of dementia

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3
Q

mild s/s

A

can’t find right words, can’t do simple math (pay cash), misplaces items, changes in mood/personality

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4
Q

Alzheimer’s dx

A

supportive until autopsy

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4
Q

supportive dx

A

mini mental status exam, H&P, labs to r/o other causes

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4
Q

family teaching - mild

A

take keys, use clocks, calendars, write notes, keep a consistent routine, put items in specific locations, do not correct them/their memory, have pt do advanced directive

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5
Q

moderate s/s

A

incontinence, can’t dress themselves, wandering, behavioral problems, trouble recognizing friends/family

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6
Q

family teaching moderate

A

door locks/security systems, reduce fall risks, label drawers and faucets, use distraction and diversion, provide memory triggers, consider adult day care

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7
Q

severe s/s

A

unable to preform ADLs or communicate, dysphagia, immobility, incontinence

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8
Q

family teaching severe

A

consider LTC placement, provide oral & skin care, continue communicating, toileting schedule

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9
Q

what not to do with dementia patients

A

correct them, argue, rush them, force participation, ask them to explain why

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10
Q

medications to help with memory loss

A

donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine

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11
Q

medications for depression

A

sertraline, citalopram, trazadone

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12
Q

antipsychotic examples

A

haloperidol, risperidone

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13
Q

antipsychotic considerations

A

can kill patient - try other methods first

14
Q

if a pt is exhibiting behavioral problems, what should you do

A

first - assess physical status/identify needs
second - assess environment, identify triggers/needs

15
Q

redirection examples

A

folding towels, sweeping

16
Q

distraction examples

A

snacks, car ride, listening to music, walking, look at photos

17
Q

reassurance examples

A

tell patient they’re safe, calming music or massage

18
Q

sundowning

A

confusion/agitation worsens in late afternoon/evening

19
Q

how to reduce sundowning

A

maximize exposure to daylight, close blinds at night, limit naps & caffeine, quiet, calm environment

20
Q

what kind of food should an alzheimer’s pt get

A

pureed or finger foods, thickened liquids, nutritional supplements

21
Q

meal time considerations

A

do not rush, do not give too many options, avoid distractions, quiet environment
check for pocketing

22
oral care
tooth decay/abscesses can increase agitation
23
benefits of adult day care
provides stimulating activities so pt comes home tired and content; gives family more space for their lives
24
wander risk interventions - in hospital
hourly rounding, bed close to nurse's station, bed alarm, consistent care givers
25
what can you do if pt is pulling out tubes
covers, abd binders
26
risk factors for delirium
dementia, comorbidities, combination of pain, stress, sleep deprivation, sensory overload, etc
27
early manifestations of delirium
inability to concentrate, irritability, insomnia, anorexia, restlessness, confusion
28
late manifestations of delirium
agitation, hallucination, misperception/misinterpretation
29
delirium management
reorient often, calm environment, bring family or object from home, avoid restraints, music, massage, consistent nursing staff
30
quetiapine
antipsychotic not tolerated by Alzheimer's pts