Dementia Flashcards
Short-term memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease is reversed by reversible
inhibition:
a. acetylcholinesterase enzyme
a. acetylcholinesterase enzyme
In Alzheimer’s disease, we find an increase in everything but:
a. Acetylcholine
b. Aβ-42
c. Brain ventricles
d. Tau proteins in cerebrospinal fluid
e. Cognitive decline
a. Acetylcholine
Dementia with frontal lobe symptoms and special histology is:
a. Pick’s dementia
a. Pick’s dementia
Medial temporal lobe atrophy is assessed using the MTA index. Valid for:
a. Over 75 years, MTA 2 is still suitable
a. Over 75 years, MTA 2 is still suitable
Which neurotransmitter receptors are affected in Alzheimer’s disease?
a. Acetylcholine
a. Acetylcholine
Which diseases of the nervous system are among the 3 most common causes of
death according to the World Health Organisation?
a. Alzheimer’s disease
b. Cerebrovascular diseases
a. Alzheimer’s disease
b. Cerebrovascular diseases
Risk factor for familial Alzheimer’s disease in later life
lifetime is:
a. Inheritance of the E4 allele of apolipoprotein E
a. Inheritance of the E4 allele of apolipoprotein E
What is characteristic of normal ageing?
a. Slowly, the total volume of the brain decreases
a. Slowly, the total volume of the brain decreases
For aggregated amyloid beta protein:
a. Accumulation is linked to the inflammatory response of surrounding glial
cells
a. Accumulation is linked to the inflammatory response of surrounding glial
cells
What is the most characteristic disorder in Alzheimer-type dementia?
a. Episodic memory disorders
a. Episodic memory disorders
Suspected Creutzfeld Jacobs disease. Which tests do you order?
a. EEG, MRI, liquor diagnostics for protein 14-3-3
b. serum tests, liquor diagnostics for protein 14-3-3, MRI
c. serum tests, liquor diagnostics for protein 14-3-3, EEG
d. brain biopsy, EEG, MRI
a. EEG, MRI, liquor diagnostics for protein 14-3-3
Pseudodementia occurs when:
a. psychogenic disorders
b. depression
b. depression
Which secretases are responsible for the formation of the insoluble amyloid A-beta?
a. Alpha secretases
b. beta-secretases
c. gamma secretase
b. beta-secretases
c. gamma secretase
Which disease increases the incidence of AB?
a. Type 2 diabetes.
a. Type 2 diabetes.
Which protein is responsible for the accelerated formation of the bows?
a. Tau kinase.
a. Tau kinase.
Beta and gamma secretase action results in:
a. Amyloid breakdown of APP.
a. Amyloid breakdown of APP.
Alzheimer’s disease can be caused by mutations in the gene for:
a. presenilin
b. tau
c. alpha-synuclein
d. prion protein
b.tau
A 73-year-old accountant with mild parkinsonism was admitted for disorientation and
vivid visual hallucinations. He received risperidone and became very sleepy,
unresponsive. We were unable to wake him for the whole day. He has:
a. Alzheimer’s disease
b. frontotemporal dementia
c. vascular dementia
d. Lewy body dementia
The most likely reason for his unresponsiveness is:
e. hypersensitivity to neuroleptics
f. excellent responsiveness to risperidone
g. non-convulsive status epilepticus
h. progressive supranuclear palsy
d. Lewy body dementia
e. hypersensitivity to neuroleptics
The pathogenetic feature we are exploiting in the treatment of Alzheimer’s dementia is:
a. aggregation of cytotoxic beta amyloid
b. inhibition of synaptic conduction by insoluble amyloid plaques
c. lower acetylcholine levels due to the breakdown of
cholinergic fibres in the Meynert nucleus
d. none of the above
c. lower acetylcholine levels due to the breakdown of
cholinergic fibres in the Meynert nucleus
It is normal with age-related changes:
a. increased atrophy of the white matter
b. increased atrophy of the grey matter
c. the little brain
a. increased atrophy of the white matter
What is not a neurodegenerative disease:
a. Alzheimer’s disease
b. Parkinson’s disease,
c. Wilson’s disease
d. ALS
e. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
c. Wilson’s disease
Liquor in Alzheimer’s disease:
a. normal tau
b. increased tau
c. oligoclonal bands
d. Elevated cells
e. elevated proteins
b. increased tau
Oligoclonal bands in MS
What is not typical of Alzheimer’s disease:
a. Lewy bodies
b. neurofibrillary bows
c. senile plaques
d. granulovacuolar degeneration
e. Chirped bodies
a. Lewy bodies
Lewy bodies are from accumulating alfa sinuclein
Early symptoms of Alzheimer’s include:
a. amnesia.
a. amnesia.
Depression is a common symptom in people with dementia. Which of the
antidepressants does not
will be used in a patient with dementia?
a. selegiline
b. amitriptyline
c. Two more SSRI
antidepressants
Why?
d. because anticholinergic effects affect cognitive abilities
e. because they cause drowsiness
f. because they cause walking disorders
g. because hypersensitivity reactions to this drug are common in patients with
dementia
b. amitriptyline
d. because anticholinergic effects affect cognitive abilities
Which aphasia occurs early in the Alzheimer’s process:
a. nominal
b. motor
c. Sensory
d. dysarthria
a. nominal
EEG in patients with frontotemporal dementia shows:
a. generalised slow activity
b. normal activity
c. generalised outbreaks of sharp waves
d. paroxysmal lateralising epileptiform seizures
b. normal activity
Generalised slow activity in encephalitis
The diagnosis of Creutzfeldt Jakob disease is made by:
a. the presence of 14-3-3 protein in the liquor
b. hyperintense signal in the basal ganglia on head MRI
c. spongiform changes in the cerebral cortex
d. immunohistochemical staining of the cerebellum for PrP protein
a. the presence of 14-3-3 protein in the liquor
Where is acetylcholine produced?
a. Meynert’s basal nucleus
b. Substance nigra
c. locus cereleus
a. Meynert’s basal nucleus
Age-related atrophy occurs first:
a. white matter
b. grey matter
a. white matter
Which dementia is subcortical:
a. frontotemporal
b. Lewy body dementia
c. Alzheimer’s disease
d. vascular dementia
e. none of the following
b. Lewy body dementia
d. vascular dementia
Which sign is found in Alzheimer’s disease?
a. apraxia
b. ataxia
c. ophthalmoplegia
d. normal reflexes
e. agnosia
a. apraxia
e. agnosia
For Pick’s dementia:
a. atrophy on head MRI
b. reduced venous blood acetylcholine concentration
c. brick-coloured liquor due to amyloid
d. Senile lesions and neurofibrillary tangles on FDG-PET imaging
e. all of the above
a. atrophy on head MRI
Which is not cortical dementia?
a. Huntington’s.
a. Huntington’s.
A description of a 37 year old woman, double images, ataxia, then confusion and
amnesia?
a. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
a. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome