Dementia Flashcards
What is dementia?
Syndrome encompassing progressive deficits in several cognitive domains
What are 2 causes of dementia?
Ameliorable
neurodegenerative
How do you diagnose dementia?
Loss of semantic & episodic knowledge
What is episodic memory?
activities of daily life & ability to cope with daily tasks
What is semantic memory?
Autobiographl memory
What metabolic causes induce ameliorable demetntia?
VitB1/3/12 deficiency
T4 reduction
What are space occupying causes of ameliorable dementia?
tumours
subdural haematoma
normal pressure hydrocephalus
What are 4 infectious causes of ameliorable dementia?
Syphilis
CNS cysticercosis
HIV
Whipple’s disease
What is a type of neurodegenerative dementia?
Alzheimers
What are 5 earliest signs of alzheimers?
impairment of recent memory, function , attention
failure of language skills, visual-spatial orientation, abstract thinking & judgement
What is a second type of NGD dementia?
Vascular dementia
What does vascular dementia represent?
Cumulative effects of many small strokes
What are 3 signs for vascular pathology of vascular dementia?
High BP
past strokes
focal CNS signs
What is a third type of NGD dementia?
Lewy body dementia
What are symptoms of Lewy body dementia/
cognitive impairment
visual hallucinations
parkinsonism
Lewy bodies in brainstem & neocortex