demand for change and gov reaction

Question 1

years after 1894 time of

Answer 1

serious unrest in russia

Question 2

Russian society had become more politicised in the years after?

Answer 2

the great famine of 1891-92

Question 3

what caused scorn and despair?

Answer 3

-failure of the over-bureaucratic tsarist government to cope with the famine crisis
-left the zemstva and voluntary organisations to provide the necessary relief work

Question 4

what did the zemstva + voluntary organisations providing necessary relief work lead to ?

Answer 4

-greater public mistrust of the government’s competence
-firmer belief in the power of ordinary members of society play a role in nation’s affairs

Question 5

by 1900

Answer 5

reformist groups consequently developed a broader support base than ever before

Question 6

new outbursts of trouble in?

Answer 6

Russian universities

Question 7

increased trouble in russian universities led to

Answer 7

increased use of the okhrana, activities ensured rebellious young people:
-expelled
-exiled
-drafted into the army and when necessary submitted to military force

Question 8

what happened in 1901?

Answer 8

a squadron of mounted cossacks charged into crowd of students in st Petersburg, killing 13
-aftermath of incident-15000 students were imprisoned in the peter and paul fortress

Question 9

where was unrest at its worst?

Answer 9

in the central Russian provinces,where the landlord/peasant relationship still most traditional
-also spread into Georgia, the Ukraine and Poland

Question 10

what did peasants do?

Answer 10

set fire to their landlord’s barns, destroying grain
-siezed woodland and pasture
-even physically attacked landlords + officials

Question 11

Pyotr Stolypin- Tsar’s minister how did he deal with disturbances?

Answer 11

-with a ferocity, aggravated situation further
-peasants were flogged, arrested and exiled or shot in their thousands

Question 12

industrial strikes

Answer 12

escalated in the towns, numbering around 17,000 in 1894
-around 90,000 in 1904

Question 13

what happened in 1901?

Answer 13

the Obukhov factory in St Petersburg saw violent clashes between armed police + whip-carrying cossacks

Question 14

in an attempt to control the proliferation of illegal unions what did Zubatov(Moscow chief of the Okhrana) begin organizing?

Answer 14

his own police-sponsored trade unions with the approval of the governor-general of Moscow, the Grand Dule Sergei Alexandrovich

Question 15

idea of own police-sponsored trade unions

Answer 15

provide ‘official’ channels through which complaints could be heard, in an attempt to prevent workers joining the radical socialists

Question 16

why did experiment only last to 1903

Answer 16

-zubatov was dismissed and exiled after one of his unions became involved in a genera strike in odessa

Question 17

another union on the zubatov model was formed in 1904.
what was this called and who was it formed by?

Answer 17

-the assembly of st petersburg factory workers bu Father Gapon

Question 18

Father Gregorii Gapon

Answer 18

-studied at the st petersburg theological academy
-became orthodox priest + prison chaplain
-belived he had a divine mission to help workers (working in working-class districts of St Petersburg)
-began organising unions from 1903
-remained intensely loyal + taught the tsar obliged by god to respond to worker’s demand
-hanged march 1906

Question 19

Why did Moscow chief of the Okhrana ,Sergei Zubatov begin organising his own police-sponsored trade unions

Answer 19

In attempt to control the proliferation of illegal unions

Question 20

What was put in place to prevent workers joining the radical socialists

Answer 20

Idea of providing ‘official’ channels through which complaints could be heard
-experiment only lasted until 1903 when zubatov was dismissed and exiled

Question 21

Why was Zubatov dismissed and exiled in 1903

Answer 21

One of his unions became involved in a general strike in Odessa

Question 22

What did father Gregorii Gapon form in 1904

Answer 22

The assembly of st Petersburg factory workers
-union approved by Nicholas’s minister of internal affairs ,Plehve
-had the support of the Orthodox Church

Question 23

Who was Nicholass’ minister for internal affairs

Answer 23

Plehve

Question 24

The assembly of st Petersburg factory workers soon had

Answer 24

12 branches and 8000 members