definitions of mental health - the medical model and classification systems Flashcards
what are the two main classification systems
ICD-11
DSM-5
how does WHO define mental and behavioural disorders
syndromes characterised by clinically significant disturbance to cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological or developmental process that underlie mental and behavioural processing
these disturbances are usually associated with distress or impairment
how does the APA define mental and behavioural disorders
behavioural or psychological syndrome characterised by clinically significant disturbance or disability in cognition, emotional regulation or behaviour
significant distress or disability in social, occupational or other important activities
how does ICD-10 define a depressive episode
decrease in: mood, concentration, capacity for enjoyment, interest, self confidence/esteem
feelings of worthlessness, unresponsive to circumstances, loss of interest/pleasure
what is the biomedical model
dominant discourse within mental health - present from before the 1700s as a way individuals were perceived and categorised when expressing certain symptoms or behaviours
a medical model that views health as the absence of disease and focuses on biological factors
psychiatry - what is the process of diagnosis
based on symptoms (what patient says and does)
classified disorder is based on a cluster of symptoms
match symptoms to classifications (ICD-10/11 or DSM-5)
what is the biopsychosocial model
proposed by George Engel in 1977 - aimed at being a more holistic approach to well-being
mental illness occurs through complex interaction of biological, psychological and social factors
what is the definition of formulation
process of co-constructing a hypothesis about origins of a person’s difficulties in the context of their relationships, social circumstances, life events, and the sense that
they have made of them
clinician brings knowledge from theory, service user brings expertise about their own life
formulation vs diagnosis
formulation is more collaborative, with individual being a expert in their lived experience and clinical psychologist bringing psychological knowledge
what are the principles of formulation
clinician takes reflective stance to reduce risk of being insensitive, non consenting or disempowering
should consider roles of trauma and abuse
consider role of services in compounding the difficulties
include critical awareness of the wider societal context with which the formulation takes place
aims to minimise individualising tendency of both medical and some psychotherapeutic models (when problem is located in individual this convey a message of blame and deficit
