Definitions from the book chapter 10 Flashcards
Industrial and organizational psyc:
Industrial and organizational psyc: fired of study addressing the psyc of work
Hawthorne effect:
improvement in a test group (compared to a control group) caused by the increase interest shown toward them
Personnel psyc:
field focusing on the selection, training, and evaluation of employees.
Job analysis:
determination of the tasks, knowledge, skills, and abilities needed in a job.
Realistic job preview:
a potential employee samples the work experience to determine his or her interest in a job
Interviewer illusion:
belief in ones own intuitive abilities to find a good candidates in the absence of evidence.
Job burnout:
a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stress on the job.
Engagement:
feelings of involvement and interest in work
Flow:
a state if mind arising during activities when the challenge of the task is met by expertise.
360-degree feedback:
evaluation ethos that solicits input form everyone who interacts with an employee.
Organizational psyc:
field examining how the structure of jobs and the workplace affects the success of group efforts
Sexual harassment:
unwelcomed sexual comments or advances imposed in the workplace.
Equity theory:
the notion that ppl want their effort and pay to be fair compared to that of others.
Process loss:
time a groups spends coordinating discussions rather than working in the task itself.
Calling:
choice of occupation you feel drawn to pursue for intricate meaning and identity.
Need to belong:
Motivation go feel part of relationships or groups of ppl.
Social rejection:
exclusion from contract by other causes emotional pain.
Esteem motivation:
desire to feel appreciation from others.
Achievement motivation:
a desire to accomplish difficult jobs in an area with a standard of excellence
Thematic apperception test (TAT) :
an indirect test measuring ur fantasies about the outcome of situations, reflecting ur motivations.
Need for achievement:
desire to succeed at challenging tasks
Achievement gap:
the difference in U.S school test scores and grades for white compared to African American children.
Mindset:
a belief about yourself and you abilities, such as intelligence. Talents, and personality.
Fixed mindset:
the belief that your trait are predetermined and nothing can change them
Growth Mindset:
belied that our qualities and capacities develop through efforts.
Persistence:
the ability to repeatedly respond to failure by exerting more effort.
Humanistic psychology:
theories of motivation emphasizing the goal to develop to the highest potential for each individual
Self- determination theory:
motivation involves integrating new behaviors into internal values.
Mating:
male-to-female intercourse for the purpose of reproduction.
Human sexual response cycle:
phases of excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution that complete a sexual act.
Excitement phase:
sexual arousal begin with blood circulation into the erectile structures in the body.
Vasocongestion:
blood circulates into all the erectile structures in the body ( e.g penis, clitoris, nipples)
Plateau phase:
the second stage of the sexual response cycle, during inch there’s is a leveling off of excitement.
Organismic phase:
the climax of arousal during which orgasm and ejaculation occur.
Resolution phase:
final stage of the sexual response cycle, during which excitement levels return to base rate.
Refractory period:
period of time following orgasm during which makes cannot achieve another.
Sexual disorder:=
problems occurring in the sexual response cycle.
Testosterone:
the male sex hormone that stimulates production of sperm and sex drive in males and females.
Oxytocin:
feel good hormone release after orgasm
Sex norms:
typical behaviors observed across ppl.
Sublimation:
the notion that sexual urges may be disguised by pursuing more acceptable behaviors
Sexual peak:
the highest point of interest and engagement in sex.
Reproductive strategies:
the preferences males and females show in their mailing behavior.
Paternal uncertainty:
historically, men could not be sure whether a child was their genetic offspring.
Parental investment theory:
the required investment in offspring btwn genders, resulting differing strategies.
Fertile:
a female able to conceive and bear children
Status:
high economic and social status with the group is a desirable quality male mates.
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR):
a woman’s waist size divided by hip size gives an index of figure shape
Heterosexuality :
a person who desires emotional and sexual desire with member of the opposite sex.
Sexual orientation:
the gender preferred for emotional sexual intimacy-same sex, opposite sex, or bisexual sex
Continuum of sexual orientation:
most ppl report falling somewhere in the range from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual
Homosexual:
a person who desires emotional and sexual intimacy with member of the same sex.
Bisexual :
a person with more than incidental involvement with both male and female partners.
Coming out:
sharing one’s same-sex orientation with other or the public .
Estrogen:
the hormone central to female sexual development and fertility.
Exotic becomes erotic:
Bem’s theory that typical gender preferences lead to less exposure to the opposite sex and thus later attraction.
Self-regulation:
the ability to control behavior through intentional strategies.
Delay of gratification:
the ability to postpone rewards until a later time.
Motivation:
an inner state that energizes ppl toward the fulfillment of a goal
Motive:
the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain or displeasure..
Instinct theories:
motivation from biologically programmed behaviors occurring in response to environmental cues. Motivation as inborn programmed behaviors occurring in response to a cue.
Evolutionary psychologist:
a research who applies the theory of evolution to explain the psychology behind behaviors.
Universals:
behaviors that all people perform regardless of their cultures.
Evolved behaviors:
behaviors selected over generations to best fit the environment.
Drive:
a tension arising from within physiological systems that motivates action.
Homeostasis:
the process of maintaining a stable of balanced physiological System over time
Drive theory:
a theory that states of tension motivate is to take action to reduce them.
Arousal theory:
the theory that we are motivated to seek out a particular level of arousal.
Optimal arousal:
a level of activation that is sufficient but not overwhelming.
Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal:
the theory that performance is best at medium levels of arousal.
Incentive theories:
motivation that focuses on the reward or payoff for behaviors.
Incentive:
the rewards and punishments associated with different actions That lure ppl into taking action.
Instinctive incentives:
feeling of reward created within the individual.
Intrinsic motivation:
the desire to perform behaviors for an internal reward.
Extrinsic incentives:
rewards (such as pay) given to motivate ppl to perform certain behaviors.
Extrinsic motivation:
the desire to gain external rewards for behavior.
Over justification effects:
when a task provides an extrinsic reward, no intrinsic motivation is needed.
Hierarchy of needs:
maslow’s theory that each level of need depends on satisfying lower levels.
Maslow’s concept that the highest need is to fulfill individual potential….. The goal of fulfilling your potential or “being all you can be”
