definitions from bk chapter 15 Flashcards
Etiology:
cause of a disorder.
Psychiatry:
a branch of medicine that treats mental and behavioral conditions.
Counseling psychologist:
a mental health professional who helps ppl experiencing difficulty adjusting to life stressors to achieve greater well-being.
Clinical psychologist:
a mental health practitioner who researches, evaluates, and treats psychological conditions.
Scientist-practitioner model:
aka Boulder model::
aka Boulder model:: a balance program in which psychologist learn about clinical skills as well as research skills.
Practitioner-scholar model
: aka Vail model::
a program in which psychologist emphasize clinical training over generating n research in order to understand, synthesize, and apps existing research.
Clinical research model:
a type of psychology program that emphasizes clinical psychology research over direct work with clients.
Psychopharmacology:
treatment of psychological conditions using medication. .
Outpatient:
treatment settings that are outside of a hospital.
deinstitutionalization:
the process of replacing inpatient psychiatric care with community outpatient services.
Insight:
an understanding if the motivation of behavior.
Insight therapies:
a family of psychotherapies that focus on the unconscious motivations of behavior.
Psychodynamic therapies:
a family of psychotherapies that have at their cod the exploration of intrapsychic conflicts and the role of insight to bring about therapeutic change.
Free association:
a psychoanalytic therapy technique that reveals intrapsychic conflicts by interpreting spontaneous responses to given words.
Dream analysis:
a psychoanalytic technique that reveals intrapsychic conflicts through interpretations of dreams.
Manifest content:
in the psychoanalytic theory the dream. As the dreamer reports it.
Interpretations:
a psychoanalytic technique in which a therapist will reveal explanations of the client’s unconscious motivations in ofer to improve psychological functioning.
Latent content:
in the psychoanalytic theory, the thee, underlying, undisguised meaning of a dream.
Resistance:
a psychoanalysis , a client’s employment of a defense mechanism during therapy.
Defense mechanism:
unconscious arrangements that the ego uses to satisfy iD instincts indirectly.
Transference:
in psychoanalysis, a type, of displacement in which the client will unconsciously act out relationships with the therapists.
Psychoanalysis:
a type of therapy based on Freud’s theory of personality.
Short-term psychodynamic therapy:
a type of solution focused psychoanalytic treatment.
Humanism :
a theoretical orientation emphasizes growth, potential, and self-actualization.
Actualizing tendency:
according to the humanists the instinctual desire to be the best versions of yourself possible.
Client-centered therapy:
a humanistic psychotherapy based on a nondirective, genuine, and accepting environment.
Active listening:
a communication method in which the listener responds in ways that demonstrate understanding of what another person says,
Genuineness:
according to the client-centered approach, authenticity in a relationship.
Acceptance:
communication of respect.
Unconditional positive regard:
according to Rogers a sense of respect and love that is not linked to specific behaviors.
Empathy:
an attempt to understand the Client’s inner world.
Phenomenology:
the idea that, in order to understand a person, it is important to understand the world from that person’s perspective, aka phenomenological approach.
Positive psychology :
a branch of psychologist that studies human strengths.
Behavior therapy:
a family of therapies that use learning theory to change behavior.
Symptom substitution:
the emergence of a replacement symptom of a psychological condition if the root cause is not resolved.
Social skills training :
a type of behavior therapy intended to improve interaction with others.
Classical conditioning:
learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unlearned stimulus and the response it automatically elicits.
Counterconditioning:
a behavioral technique in which a response to stimulus is placed by a new response.
Bell-and-pad treatment:
a classical conditioning treatment used to treat nighttime bed wetting.
Exposure therapy:
a behavior therapy technique that involves repeatedly presenting the clients with a distressing object in order to reduce anxiety.
Systematic desensitization:
treatment for phobia in which a client practices relaxation during progressively more fear-inducing stimuli.
En Vivo:
a type of exposure therapy in which the actual feared object is used.
Family therapy:
a type of psychotherapy that treats the immediate social system I.e the family to improve individuals’ psychological functions.
Eclectic approach:
a therapy technique that integrates ideas from several theories.
Genogram:
family tree
Group therapy:
a psychotherapeutic technique that treats multiple clients in a collective setting.
Support group:
a type of group therapy in which members meet without a therapist to prove social support.
Biomedical therapies:
a family of therapies that focus in surgery, medication, or other physiological interventions for the treatment of psychological conditions.
Psychotropic medication:
a drug used to tear psychological conditions.
researchers and practitioners who study and often prescribe psychiatric medications.
Placebo:
a substance without an active ingredient.
Placebo effect:
treatment result in response to a physiological ineffective treatment.
a type of drug used to reduce the symptoms of depressive mood disorders.
Selective serotonin reputable inhibitor (SSRI):
a class of medications that increase the efficiency of serotonin binding in the nervous system
Relapse:
a recurrence if a condition or disorder.
Antianxiety medication:
a type of drug used to reduce the symptoms of agitation and nervousness.
Tolerance:
a reduction in a person’s sensitivity to a drug over time.
Gamma-aminobutytric acid (GABA):
the nervous system’s primary inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Dependence:
when a person’s drug use has led to distress or impairment and unsuccessfully efforts to reduce drug use.
Mood stabilizers:
a family of medications used to treat bipolar mood disorders.
Lithium:
a medication used to treat bipolar mood disorders.
Antipsychotic medication:
a type of drug used to reduce the symptoms of thought disorders.
Hallucinations:
sensory experience with no sensory input.
Delusion:
a belief that most ppl would think is incredible or implausible.
Negative symptoms of psychosis:
symptoms of psychosis that involve behaviors deficits, or expected behaviors that are absent.
Anhedonia:
a reduced capacity to experience pleasure.
Avolition:
lack of will
Alogia:
lack of elaboration speech
Tardive dyskinesia:
a neurological condition involving involuntary repetitive movements.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT):
a biological treatment in which seizures are induced in anesthetized patients.
Neurogenesis:
new nerve growth.
Psychosurgery:
treatment of mental and behavioral conditions using an invasive biological procedure.
Lobotomy:
a surgery that involves destruction of nerves in the prefrontal cortex in order to improve symptoms of psychological conditions.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS):
a procedure that uses electromagnetic coils to activate nerve cells in the brain ..
Deep brain stimulation (DBS):
s surgical treatment in which a medical device is used to send electrical impulses to parts of the nervous system
Spontaneous remission:
reduction of symptoms of a condition in the absence of treatment.
Versions toward the mean:
the inclination for extreme scores to more toward the average over time.
Clinical trial:
the use of the scientific method to test a treatments for a disorder or condition.
Dependent variable:
the measurement collected to determine if there was any effect of the independent variable in an experiment.
Meta-Analysis:
a statistical technician that pools the results of several research studies.
Evidence-based practice:
selecting therapy treatments using information gained through research.
Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR):
a therapy technique involving bilateral stimulation in order to process distressing memories.
Collectivist culture:
a culture that places an emphasis on interreliance rather than self-reliance.
