definitions from bk chapter 14

Question 1

Psychological disorder:

Answer 1

a psychological condition that varies from the norm, is usually maladaptive, and may cause personal distress

Question 2

Psychopathology: t

Answer 2

the science of diagnosing and understanding psychological disorders .

Question 3

Medical model:

Answer 3

a theory that suggests that psychological disorders are illnesses that require treatment.

Question 4

Epidemiology:

Answer 4

a science that examines the frequency of medical conditions.

Question 5

Biopsychosocial approach:

Answer 5

a theory that recognizes three equally important aspects of human mental processes and behavior: biological -inclu: brain chemistry-, psychological -thoughts, emotions, and behaviors-, and social -cultural and societal influences-.

Question 6

Etiology:

Answer 6

cause of a disorder

Question 7

Diathesis-stress hypothesis:

Answer 7

a hypothesis that suggests a condition can have a biological root or cause that is triggered by an environment stressor.

Question 8

Reciprocal-gene environment model:

Answer 8

a model that suggests that established biological tendencies toward a condition can themselves cause stress, which in turn aggravates the condition, and then begins the cycle again.

Question 9

Anxiety disorder:

Answer 9

a psychological condition marked by nervousness, distress, apprehension, and disruptive attempts to reduce anxiety.

Question 10

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD):

Answer 10

a psychological condition characterized by unexplained, excessive worry that has an. Unspecific cause.

Question 11

Panic attack:

Answer 11

a period of intense fear or discomfort that iD linked with specific physical and psychological symptoms.

Question 12

Panic disorder:

Answer 12

the presence of frequent, recurrent pains attacks, along with the fear of panic attacks.

Question 13

Agoraphobia:

Answer 13

the fear of having s panic attack, which causes a person to avoid places and situations where having a panic attack would be particularly embarrassing or dangerous.

Question 14

Phobia:

Answer 14

a psychological symptom in which fear is unreasonably great or it interferes with a person’s life.

Question 15

Social phobia:

Answer 15

an anxiety disorder characterized by fear of pubic embarrassment or humiliation.

Question 16

Social anxiety disorder:

Answer 16

an anxiety disorder characterized by performance anxiety in newly all types of social situations.

Question 17

Obsessive-compulsive disorder:

Answer 17

a psychological disorder associated with obsessions, or obsessions linked to compulsions.

Question 18

Obsession:

Answer 18

Obsession: a thought that is unwanted, intrusive, and distressing.

Question 19

Compulsions:

Answer 19

a conditions in which a person feels compelled to perform behaviors or mental actions in response to an obsession.

Question 20

posttraumatic stress disorder:

Answer 20

associated with a traumatic event, this disorder involves, increased arousals, and symptoms of numbing and avoidance.

Question 21

Learning perspective:

Answer 21

a theory that suggests that anxiety disorders are learned behaviors.

Question 22

Moods:

Answer 22

long-lasting nonspecific emotions states

Question 23

Anhedonia:

Answer 23

a reduced capacity to feel pleasure.

Question 24

Mania:

Answer 24

a condition associated with an elevated, expansive, or sometimes irritable mood.

Question 25

Hypomania:

Answer 25

a condition is which a person had symptoms of mania but avoid getting into trouble.

Question 26

Bipolar disorder:

Answer 26

a mood disorder in which a person may alternate btwn a sad, depressive mood and elevated, irritable , or manic episodes.

Question 27

Monoamine hypothesis of depression:

Answer 27

a hypothesis that suggests that depressive symptoms are brought in by malfunction of certain types of neurotransmitters.

Question 28

Schizophrenia:

Answer 28

a psychological disorder characterized by disordered thinking, delusions, hallucinations, and disordered behaviors and emotions.

Question 29

Delusions:

Answer 29

beliefs that most ppl would think are incredible or impossible.

Question 30

Bizarre delusions:

Answer 30

false and impossible beliefs.

Question 31

Non-bizarre delusions:

Answer 31

false beliefs that are possible but highly unlikely.

Question 32

Hallucinations:

Answer 32

sensory perceptions with no sensory input. The perceptions may affect any or all of the five senses.

Question 33

Agitated Catatonia:

Answer 33

a symptoms of schizophrenia that is characterized by excessive motor activity and periods of inexhaustibility ..

Question 34

Stuporous Catatonia:

Answer 34

a symptom of schizophrenia that is characterized by restricted mottos activities such as periods of immobility and muscle rigidly.

Question 35

Positive symptoms of psychosis:

Answer 35

symptoms that are present in addition to typical psychotic behavior.

Question 36

Negative symptoms of psychosis:

Answer 36

symptoms of psychosis that involve behaviors that are absent.

Question 37

Paranoid type of schizophrenia:

Answer 37

a disorder characterized by highly structured non-bizarre delusions, coherent visual or auditory hallucinations, and feelings of persecution.

Question 38

Catatonic type of schizophrenia:

Answer 38

a disorder characterized by one or both forms of Catatonia, as well as other behavioral symptoms.

Question 39

Disorganized type of schizophrenia:

Answer 39

a schizophrenic disorder characterized by disorganized speech and behavior, a flat mood, and inappropriate emotions. Severe, active phases are characterized by bizarre delusions of bodily functions, frequent disorganized hallucinations, and incoherent speech.

Question 40

Undifferentiated type of schizophrenia:

Answer 40

the presence of symptoms that meet the core criteria for schizophrenia but do not meet the criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic type.

Question 41

Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia:

Answer 41

a hypothesis that suggests that the neurotransmitter dopamine plays a key role in schizophrenia.