definitions from bk chapter 14 Flashcards
Psychological disorder:
a psychological condition that varies from the norm, is usually maladaptive, and may cause personal distress
Psychopathology: t
the science of diagnosing and understanding psychological disorders .
Medical model:
a theory that suggests that psychological disorders are illnesses that require treatment.
Epidemiology:
a science that examines the frequency of medical conditions.
Biopsychosocial approach:
a theory that recognizes three equally important aspects of human mental processes and behavior: biological -inclu: brain chemistry-, psychological -thoughts, emotions, and behaviors-, and social -cultural and societal influences-.
Etiology:
cause of a disorder
Diathesis-stress hypothesis:
a hypothesis that suggests a condition can have a biological root or cause that is triggered by an environment stressor.
Reciprocal-gene environment model:
a model that suggests that established biological tendencies toward a condition can themselves cause stress, which in turn aggravates the condition, and then begins the cycle again.
Anxiety disorder:
a psychological condition marked by nervousness, distress, apprehension, and disruptive attempts to reduce anxiety.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD):
a psychological condition characterized by unexplained, excessive worry that has an. Unspecific cause.
Panic attack:
a period of intense fear or discomfort that iD linked with specific physical and psychological symptoms.
Panic disorder:
the presence of frequent, recurrent pains attacks, along with the fear of panic attacks.
Agoraphobia:
the fear of having s panic attack, which causes a person to avoid places and situations where having a panic attack would be particularly embarrassing or dangerous.
Phobia:
a psychological symptom in which fear is unreasonably great or it interferes with a person’s life.
Social phobia:
an anxiety disorder characterized by fear of pubic embarrassment or humiliation.
Social anxiety disorder:
an anxiety disorder characterized by performance anxiety in newly all types of social situations.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder:
a psychological disorder associated with obsessions, or obsessions linked to compulsions.
Obsession:
Obsession: a thought that is unwanted, intrusive, and distressing.
Compulsions:
a conditions in which a person feels compelled to perform behaviors or mental actions in response to an obsession.
posttraumatic stress disorder:
associated with a traumatic event, this disorder involves, increased arousals, and symptoms of numbing and avoidance.
Learning perspective:
a theory that suggests that anxiety disorders are learned behaviors.
Moods:
long-lasting nonspecific emotions states
Anhedonia:
a reduced capacity to feel pleasure.
Mania:
a condition associated with an elevated, expansive, or sometimes irritable mood.
Hypomania:
a condition is which a person had symptoms of mania but avoid getting into trouble.
Bipolar disorder:
a mood disorder in which a person may alternate btwn a sad, depressive mood and elevated, irritable , or manic episodes.
Monoamine hypothesis of depression:
a hypothesis that suggests that depressive symptoms are brought in by malfunction of certain types of neurotransmitters.
Schizophrenia:
a psychological disorder characterized by disordered thinking, delusions, hallucinations, and disordered behaviors and emotions.
Delusions:
beliefs that most ppl would think are incredible or impossible.
Bizarre delusions:
false and impossible beliefs.
Non-bizarre delusions:
false beliefs that are possible but highly unlikely.
Hallucinations:
sensory perceptions with no sensory input. The perceptions may affect any or all of the five senses.
Agitated Catatonia:
a symptoms of schizophrenia that is characterized by excessive motor activity and periods of inexhaustibility ..
Stuporous Catatonia:
a symptom of schizophrenia that is characterized by restricted mottos activities such as periods of immobility and muscle rigidly.
Positive symptoms of psychosis:
symptoms that are present in addition to typical psychotic behavior.
Negative symptoms of psychosis:
symptoms of psychosis that involve behaviors that are absent.
Paranoid type of schizophrenia:
a disorder characterized by highly structured non-bizarre delusions, coherent visual or auditory hallucinations, and feelings of persecution.
Catatonic type of schizophrenia:
a disorder characterized by one or both forms of Catatonia, as well as other behavioral symptoms.
Disorganized type of schizophrenia:
a schizophrenic disorder characterized by disorganized speech and behavior, a flat mood, and inappropriate emotions. Severe, active phases are characterized by bizarre delusions of bodily functions, frequent disorganized hallucinations, and incoherent speech.
Undifferentiated type of schizophrenia:
the presence of symptoms that meet the core criteria for schizophrenia but do not meet the criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic type.
Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia:
a hypothesis that suggests that the neurotransmitter dopamine plays a key role in schizophrenia.
