definitions from bk chapter 11 Flashcards
Emotion:
Emotion: a class of subjective feelings elicited by stimuli that have high significance to an individual.
Fight-or-flight response:
a reaction to danger in which the busy pathetic nervous system prepares the organs for vigorous activity.
Corticosteroids:
hormones produced in the adrenal cortex in reaction to stress,Corticosteroids: hormones produced in the adrenal cortex in reaction to stress,
Catecholamines:
stress hormones released by the adrenal gland.
Yerkes Dodson law:
a theory that performance is best at medium levels of arousal.
Polygraph:
a machine that uses physiological measurements to detect lies.
galvanic skin response (GSR):
a measurement of the conductivity of your skin.
Anthropomorphism:
assigning human emotions or behaviors to nonhumans.
Catastrophic thinking:
a cognitive distortion of the scale and impact of a stressful event.
Amygdala:
a cluster of neurons in the temporal lobe liked to emotions such as anger and fear.
Basic emotions:
feeling states that are thought to be expressed in a universal way.
Facial feedback hypothesis:
Facial feedback hypothesis: a theory that suggests that the position of the facial muscles influences emotional expression.
Biopsychosocial model:
a theory that recognizes three equally important aspects of human mental process and behaviors: biological (including brain chemistry), psychological (thoughts, emotions, and behaviors), and social (cultural and societal influences)
James-Lange theory:
a concept of emotion that suggests that emotions are composed of our awareness of biological reactions to stimuli .
Cannon-bard theory:
a theory of emotion that suggests that events course emotions by triggering biological and psychological experiences of emotions at the same time.
Schacter-singer two- factor theory:
a theory of emotion that suggests that feelings are a combination of body arousal and how we think about arousal.
Cognitive-mediational theory of emotion:
a theory that feelings are accused by what we think caused our thoughts.
Display rules:
guidelines about how one should express emotions.
Emotional intelligence:
the capacity to understand and manage your own feelings as well as the feelings of others
Frustration-aggression hypothesis:
early theory of anger Frustration-aggression hypothesis:early theory of anger suggesting that anger is a reaction to a goal blocked or unattained.
Frustration:
anxiety felt when attempt to reach a goal are hindered.
Aggression:
words or physical acts a person does in order to cause harm.
Catharsis:
a release of pent-up emotions
Triangular theory of love:
Sternberg’s theory that relationships ate composed of three components : intimacy, passion, commitment.
Stress:
a response that occurs from events seen as a challenge.
Stressors:
anything perceived as a challenge.
Acute stressors:
brief events that require a person of coping.
long-lasting events that require
Chronic stressors: adaption.
Cope:
to reduce the impact of an event.
Daily hassles (microstressors):
minor irritations that produce stress.
Conflict:
a situation that involves imp compatible objectives.
Approach-approach conflict:
a situation in which a decision must be made between two incompatible choices that both have positive features.
Avoidance-avoidance conflict:
a situation in which a decision must be made between must be made between two undesirable choices.
Approach-avoidance:
a situation in which a decision must be made about a goal that has both positive and negative features.
Multiple-approach-avoidance conflict:
a situation one hi a decision must be made between many choices, each with positive and negative consequences.
Acculturation stress:
the anxiety felt in response to challenges from new cultural expectations.
General adaptation syndrome (GAS):
Selye’s term for the body stress response that occurs in three stages : alarm, resistance and exhaustion.
Psychosomatic disease:
disorders in which a real medical syndrome is exacerbated by psychological factors. Aka : psycholphysiological illness.
Type A personality:
a style characterized by difficulty relaxing, impatience, and anger when delayed.
Type B personality:
a style characterized by being relaxing about time, slow to anger, and relative ease at relaxing.
Coronary heart disease:
a medical condition that results in narrowing of the vessels that supply blood to the heart.
Immune system:
processes the body uses to protect again disease.
Lymphocytes:
a type of cell involved in the immune system that works to attack foreign substances.
Immunosuppression:
wreaking the immune response.
Coping:
efforts to reduce the impact of stressors
Negative coping:
engaging in behaviors that are unhealthy and can make matters worse.
Internet addiction:
excessive use of computer systems that causes impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning.
Learned helplessness:
when an animal fails to take action to escape a noxious stimulus.
Emotion-focused coping:
a reaction to stress that involves managing the feelings that arise from the situation.
Problem-focused coping:
a reaction to stress that involves the management of the event causing the stress.
Constructive coping:
healthy efforts to reduce the impact of stressor.
Aerobics exercise:
physical activity that increases the capability of the heart and lungs.
Health psychology:
a branch of psychology that is concerned with how psychological factors impact wellness, illness, and medical treatments.
Behavioral medicine:
an interdisciplinary field concerned with health and illness that combines knowledge of social and medical sciences.
Biofeedback:
a procedure through which a person becomes aware of physiological functions in order to influence the physiological functions.
Positive psychology:
a branch of psychology that studies human strengths.
Subjective well-being:
a feeling of satisfaction with life and happiness.
Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
the theory that people are more likely to be helpful if they are happy.
Adaptation-level phenomenon:
the ability to adapt to new situation so that the new situation becomes the norm.
Relative deprivation:
the opinion that a person is worse off than a comparison group.
Hardiness:
a personality style characterized by commitment, challenge, and control.
Social support:
the help provided by others.
Explanatory style:
reflects what you think caused an event. Explanatory style can be either optimistic or pessimistic.
Internal locus of control:
the idea that your reinforcers and punishments are under your own control.
External locus of control:
the idea that reinforcers and punishments are outside of your control.
Pessimistic explanatory style:
a way of explains negative events by using internal, stable, and global attributions.
Locus of control:
your idea of the source of reinforcement and punishment.
Optimistic explanatory style:
a way of explaining negative events by using external, unstable and specific attributions.
