Definitions for test #3

Question 1

Igneous

Answer 1

having solidified from lava or magma. (relating to or involving volcanic processes)

Question 2

Intrusive

Answer 2

having been forced between preexisting rocks or rock layers while in a molten or plastic condition. noting or pertaining to plutonic rocks.

Question 3

lithification

Answer 3

complex process whereby freshly deposited loose grains of sediment are converted into rock. The sediment may be compacted by rearrangement of grains under pressure, reducing pore space and driving out interstitial liquid.

Question 4

rock texture

Answer 4

the size, shape, and arrangement of the grains

Question 5

ash flow

Answer 5

An avalanche of volcanic ash, generally a highly heated mixture of volcanic gases and ash, traveling down the flanks of a volcano or along the surface of the ground.

Question 6

tsunami

Answer 6

ocean waves triggered by: Large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean.

Question 7

shield volcano

Answer 7

a broad domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.

Question 8

batholith

Answer 8

a type of igneous rock that forms when magma rises into the earth’s crust, but does not erupt onto the surface.

Question 9

laccolith

Answer 9

a type of igneous intrusion that has split apart two strata, resulting in a domelike structure; the floor of the structure is usually horizontal

Question 10

sedimentary

Answer 10

that has formed from sediment deposited by water or air.

Question 11

extrusive

Answer 11

relating to or denoting rock that has been extruded at the earth’s surface as lava or other volcanic deposits.

Question 12

compaction

Answer 12

decrease of the volume of a fixed mass of sediment from any cause, commonly from continual sediment deposition at a particular site.

Question 13

rock composition

Answer 13

refers to both the types of minerals within a rock and the overall chemical makeup of the rock

Question 14

lahars

Answer 14

a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flow quickly down the slopes of a volcano.

Question 15

pahoehoe lava

Answer 15

basaltic lava forming smooth undulating or ropy masses.

Question 16

composite volcano

Answer 16

A volcano with a broad base, steep sides, and often a crater at the top. The volcano is composed of alternating layers of ash and lava flows.

Question 17

dike

Answer 17

a large slab of rock that cuts through another type of rock.

Question 18

metamorphic

Answer 18

etamorphic rocks are formed when igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks undergo a physical change due to extreme heat and pressure.

Question 19

erosion

Answer 19

the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.

Question 20

crystallization

Answer 20

he process in which crystals are formed either from something that has been melted or from a solution

Question 21

ash fall

Answer 21

a rain of airborne ash resulting from a volcanic eruption.

Question 22

volcanic gas

Answer 22

the fluid gas phase released by active volcanoes, both during eruption and quiescence. Compositionally, volcanic gases are molecular combinations of four major elements (H, C, O, and S)

Question 23

aa lava

Answer 23

a more viscous flow whose surface is covered by thick, jumbled piles of loose, sharp blocks.

Question 24

pluton

Answer 24

a body of intrusive igneous rock.

Question 25

sill

Answer 25

a tabular sheet of igneous rock intruded between and parallel with the existing strata.