Definitions for Test #2

Question 1

Continental drift

Answer 1

A theory that explains how continents shifted position on Earth’s surface. (Alfred wegner)

Question 2

earthquake

Answer 2

Intense shaking of Earth’s surface, caused by movements in Earth’s outermost layer.

Question 3

seismic waves

Answer 3

Waves that travel through Earth generated by movements in the tectonic plates. can also be caused by explosions, volcanoes. and landslides.

Question 4

seismogram

Answer 4

A result from a seismograph, records the ground’s motions in an earthquake.

Question 5

shearing

Answer 5

deformation of a materials substance where the parallel internal surfaces slide past another.

Question 6

hanging wall

Answer 6

the rock above fault plane

Question 7

normal fault

Answer 7

hanging wall moves down

Question 8

Pangaea

Answer 8

a former “supercontinent” on Earth, when all continents were once connected.

Question 9

epicenter

Answer 9

Point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake.

Question 10

Seismology

Answer 10

the branch of science concerned with earhquakes and related topics.

Question 11

body waves

Answer 11

seismic wave that moves through the interior of the earth, rather than on the surface (P and S waves)

Question 12

compression

Answer 12

decrease in volume of any object or substance resulting from applied stress.

Question 13

footwall

Answer 13

the block of rock that lies on th underside of an inclined fault or of a mineral deposit.

Question 14

thrust fault

Answer 14

reverse fault in which the angle between the horizontal and the plane is small

Question 15

plate tectonics

Answer 15

A big slab of solid rock composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.

Question 16

focus

Answer 16

Origin of earthquake

Question 17

seismologist

Answer 17

Earth scientists specialized in geophysics who study the propagation of seismic waves.

Question 18

Surface waves

Answer 18

Mechnaical wave that goes along the interface between two different material. (Elastic surface waves can travel along the surface of solids)

Question 19

aftershock

Answer 19

a smaller earthquake following the first big earthquake as a shock.

Question 20

strike-slip fault

Answer 20

a. fault planes are nearly verticle

b. movement is horizontal

Question 21

anticline

Answer 21

up folded (arch) rock layers

Question 22

supercontinent

Answer 22

the assembly of most or all of the earth’s continental blocks to form a single large landmass.

Question 23

fault

Answer 23

fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other.

Question 24

seismograph

Answer 24

an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes. such as force and duration.

Question 25

extension

Answer 25

the movement by which the two elements of any jointed part are drawn away from each other.

Question 26

foreshock

Answer 26

an earthquake that happens before a larger seismic even, related to both of its time and space.

Question 27

reverse fault

Answer 27

hanging wall moves up

Question 28

syncline

Answer 28

down folded (through) layers