Definitions for Exam 1a Flashcards
Exam 1
Tendon
bone to muscle
Ligament
Bone to bone
Osteocytes
maintain bone matrix
Osteoblasts
build and form new bone
Osteoclasts
carve or degrade new bone
Ossification
process of bone formation
Closed pack
Max area is contracted, attachments are the furthest apart. “Tight”
Open pack
“loose-packed” position, least amount of congruency
Capsular pattern
Order we lose ROM in our joints when capsular tightness is present
Contractility
ability to contract
excitability
response to a stimulus from actions potentials
Exitment to
Extensibility
ability to stretch with a passive force and extend
Elasticity
characteristic of return to normal resting length when stretched or shortened
Irritability
responding to a stimulus when it is not shortened or lengthened
Viscoelasticity
recoil to the original length with possibility of accommodation to a new length
Isometric
length stays the same, tension and speed change
Isokinetic
speed stays the same, tension and length change
Isotonic
tension stays the same, speed and length change
concentric
muscle shortens
eccentric
muscle lengthens
threshold
weakest stimulus needed to produce a contraction
All or Nothing law
muscles fibers either contract or they don’t
Twitch
rapid contraction or relaxation of muscle
Tetanus
the prolonged contraction of a muscle caused by rapidly repeated stimuli.
Tone
constant tension over a long period of time
Spasm
abnormal state of prolonged contraction produced by a localized disease or injury
Flaccidity
loss of the irritability of the muscle caused by injury to nervous system
Spasticity
decreased inhibition of input from central nervous system causes increased tone pattern
co-contraction
contraction of both agonist and antagonist at same time
Neutralizer
help eliminate secondary motions of moving muscle
Reversal of action
origin moving towards fixed insertion
active insufficiency
actin and myosin are overlapped, muscle contracts max, cannot shorten any more, ROM is still available
Passive insufficiency
actin and myosin are lengthened, muscle cannot be elongated any further, prevents ROM
Tenodesis
ability to perform a motion without contracting the muscles would typically be associated with that motion.
Vascular spasm
temporary constriction of blood vessels
Muscle Spindle reflex
Muscle reaction to a stretch, “quick stretch”
Agonist
causes the motion
Antagonist
apposes the opposite motion than agonist
Synergist
works together with two muscles to produce desired motion
Prime mover
responsible for joint motion
Sharpey’s Fibers
connect end of tendon to muscle
